Title:	Low-Level Browser Automation Interface
Version:	0.2.0
Description:	An implementation of 'W3C WebDriver 2.0' (https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/), allowing interaction with a 'Selenium Server' (https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/grid/) instance from 'R'. Allows a web browser to be automated from 'R'.
License:	MIT + file LICENSE
Encoding:	UTF-8
RoxygenNote:	7.3.2
Depends:	R (≥ 2.10)
Suggests:	gitcreds, testthat (≥ 3.0.0), withr, xml2
Config/testthat/edition:	3
Imports:	base64enc, httr2, jsonlite, lifecycle, processx, R6, rappdirs, rlang (≥ 1.1.0)
URL:	https://ashbythorpe.github.io/selenium-r/, https://github.com/ashbythorpe/selenium-r
Config/Needs/website:	rmarkdown
BugReports:	https://github.com/ashbythorpe/selenium-r/issues
Language:	en-GB
NeedsCompilation:	no
Packaged:	2025-06-18 11:03:58 UTC; ashbythorpe
Author:	Ashby Thorpe [aut, cre, cph]
Maintainer:	Ashby Thorpe <ashbythorpe@gmail.com>
Repository:	CRAN
Date/Publication:	2025-06-18 11:20:02 UTC

selenium: Low-Level Browser Automation Interface

Description

An implementation of 'W3C WebDriver 2.0' (https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/), allowing interaction with a 'Selenium Server' (https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/grid/) instance from 'R'. Allows a web browser to be automated from 'R'.

Author(s)

Maintainer: Ashby Thorpe ashbythorpe@gmail.com (ORCID) [copyright holder]

See Also

Useful links:

• https://ashbythorpe.github.io/selenium-r/

• https://github.com/ashbythorpe/selenium-r

• Report bugs at https://github.com/ashbythorpe/selenium-r/issues

A Selenium Server process

Description

A processx::process object representing a running Selenium Server.

Value

A new SeleniumServer object.

Super class

processx::process -> SeleniumServer

Active bindings

Methods

Public methods

• SeleniumServer$new()

• SeleniumServer$clone()

Method new()

Create a new SeleniumServer object. It is recommended that you use the selenium_server() function instead.

Usage

SeleniumServer$new(command, args, host, port, ...)

Arguments

Method clone()

The objects of this class are cloneable with this method.

Usage

SeleniumServer$clone(deep = FALSE)

Arguments

Start a Selenium Client session

Description

This class represents the client to a Selenium session. It will only work if a Selenium server instance is running. If you get an error, use selenium_server_available() to check if a server is running. See the package README for more information, or use selenium_server() to try and start a server automatically.

Public fields

Methods

Public methods

• SeleniumSession$new()

• SeleniumSession$create_webelement()

• SeleniumSession$create_shadowroot()

• SeleniumSession$close()

• SeleniumSession$status()

• SeleniumSession$get_timeouts()

• SeleniumSession$set_timeouts()

• SeleniumSession$navigate()

• SeleniumSession$current_url()

• SeleniumSession$back()

• SeleniumSession$forward()

• SeleniumSession$refresh()

• SeleniumSession$title()

• SeleniumSession$window_handle()

• SeleniumSession$close_window()

• SeleniumSession$switch_to_window()

• SeleniumSession$window_handles()

• SeleniumSession$new_window()

• SeleniumSession$switch_to_frame()

• SeleniumSession$switch_to_parent_frame()

• SeleniumSession$get_window_rect()

• SeleniumSession$set_window_rect()

• SeleniumSession$maximize_window()

• SeleniumSession$minimize_window()

• SeleniumSession$fullscreen_window()

• SeleniumSession$get_active_element()

• SeleniumSession$find_element()

• SeleniumSession$find_elements()

• SeleniumSession$get_page_source()

• SeleniumSession$execute_script()

• SeleniumSession$execute_async_script()

• SeleniumSession$get_cookies()

• SeleniumSession$get_cookie()

• SeleniumSession$add_cookie()

• SeleniumSession$delete_cookie()

• SeleniumSession$delete_all_cookies()

• SeleniumSession$perform_actions()

• SeleniumSession$release_actions()

• SeleniumSession$dismiss_alert()

• SeleniumSession$accept_alert()

• SeleniumSession$get_alert_text()

• SeleniumSession$send_alert_text()

• SeleniumSession$screenshot()

• SeleniumSession$print_page()

• SeleniumSession$clone()

Method new()

Create a Selenium session: opening a browser which can be controlled by the Selenium client.

Usage

SeleniumSession$new(
  browser = "firefox",
  port = 4444L,
  host = "localhost",
  verbose = FALSE,
  capabilities = NULL,
  request_body = NULL,
  timeout = 20
)

Arguments

Returns

A SeleniumSession object.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new(verbose = TRUE)

session$close()
}

Method create_webelement()

Create a WebElement object using the parameters of the current session.

Usage

SeleniumSession$create_webelement(id)

Arguments

Returns

A WebElement object.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "*")

element2 <- session$create_webelement(id = element$id)

session$close()
}

Method create_shadowroot()

Create a ShadowRoot object using the parameters of the current session.

Usage

SeleniumSession$create_shadowroot(id)

Arguments

Returns

A ShadowRoot object.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

shadow_root <- session$create_shadowroot(id = "foo")

session$close()
}

Method close()

Close the current session. Once a session is closed, its methods will no longer work. However, the Selenium server will still be running.

Usage

SeleniumSession$close(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

TRUE if the session was closed successfully, or FALSE if the session was already closed.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$close()
}

Method status()

Get the status of the Selenium server. Unlike all other methods, this method is independent of the session itself (meaning it can be used even after SeleniumSession$close() is called). It is identical to get_server_status(), but uses the host, port and verbose options passed to the session, for convenience.

Usage

SeleniumSession$status(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

A list that can (but may not always) contain the following fields:

• ready: Whether the server is ready to be connected to. This should always be returned by the server.

• message: A message about the status of the server.

• uptime: How long the server has been running.

• nodes: Information about the slots that the server can take.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$status()

session$close()

session$status()
}

Method get_timeouts()

Get the timeouts of the current session. There are three types of timeouts:

• session script timeout: The amount of time that the server will wait for scripts to run. Defaults to 3 seconds.

• page load timeout: The amount of time that the server will wait for the page to load. Defaults to 30 seconds.

• implicit wait: The amount of time that the server will wait for elements to be located, or for elements to become interactable when required. Defaults to 0 seconds.

Usage

SeleniumSession$get_timeouts(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

A list with three items: script, page_load, and implicit.

Examples

\dontrun{

session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$get_timeouts()

session$close()
}

Method set_timeouts()

Set the timeouts of the current session. The types of timeouts are defined in SeleniumSession$get_timeouts().

Usage

SeleniumSession$set_timeouts(
  script = NULL,
  page_load = NULL,
  implicit_wait = NULL,
  request_body = NULL,
  timeout = 20
)

Arguments

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$set_timeouts(script = 100)

session$get_timeouts()

session$close()
}

Method navigate()

Navigate to a URL.

Usage

SeleniumSession$navigate(url, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$close()
}

Method current_url()

Get the current URL.

Usage

SeleniumSession$current_url(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The URL of the current page.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$current_url()

session$close()
}

Method back()

Go back in the navigation history.

Usage

SeleniumSession$back(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$navigate("https://www.tidyverse.org")

session$back()

session$current_url()

session$close()
}

Method forward()

Go forward in the navigation history.

Usage

SeleniumSession$forward(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$navigate("https://www.tidyverse.org")

session$back()

session$forward()

session$current_url()

session$close()
}

Method refresh()

Reload the current page.

Usage

SeleniumSession$refresh(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$refresh()

session$close()
}

Method title()

Get the title of the current page.

Usage

SeleniumSession$title(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The title of the current page.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$title()

session$close()
}

Method window_handle()

Get the current window handle.

Usage

SeleniumSession$window_handle(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The handle of the current window (a string).

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$window_handle()

session$close()
}

Method close_window()

Close the current window.

Usage

SeleniumSession$close_window(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$new_window()

session$close_window()

session$close()
}

Method switch_to_window()

Switch to a specific window.

Usage

SeleniumSession$switch_to_window(handle, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

handle <- session$window_handle()

handle2 <- session$new_window()$handle

session$switch_to_window(handle)

session$switch_to_window(handle2)

session$close()
}

Method window_handles()

Get the handles of all open windows.

Usage

SeleniumSession$window_handles(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The handles of all open windows (a list of strings).

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

handles <- session$window_handles()

session$close()
}

Method new_window()

Create a new window. Note that this window is not automatically switched to.

Usage

SeleniumSession$new_window(
  type = c("tab", "window"),
  request_body = NULL,
  timeout = 20
)

Arguments

Returns

A list containing two elements:

• handle: The handle of the new window.

• type: The type of window. ("tab" or "window").

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

handle <- session$new_window()$handle

session$switch_to_window(handle)

session$close()
}

Method switch_to_frame()

Frames allow you to split a window into multiple sections, where each section can load a separate HTML document. This function allows you to switch to a specific frame, given its ID, meaning that frame will become the current browsing context.

Usage

SeleniumSession$switch_to_frame(id = NA, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$switch_to_frame()

session$close()
}

Method switch_to_parent_frame()

Switch to the parent frame of the current frame.

Usage

SeleniumSession$switch_to_parent_frame(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$switch_to_frame()

session$switch_to_parent_frame()

session$close()
}

Method get_window_rect()

Get the size and position of the current window.

Usage

SeleniumSession$get_window_rect(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

A list containing four elements:

• x: The x position of the window relative to the left of the screen.

• y: The y position of the window relative to the top of the screen.

• width: The width of the window.

• height: The height of the window.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$get_window_rect()

session$close()
}

Method set_window_rect()

Set the size and position of the current window.

Usage

SeleniumSession$set_window_rect(
  width = NULL,
  height = NULL,
  x = NULL,
  y = NULL,
  request_body = NULL,
  timeout = 20
)

Arguments

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$set_window_rect(width = 800, height = 600, x = 2, y = 3)

session$close()
}

Method maximize_window()

Maximize the current window. This makes the window the maximum size it can be, without being full screen.

Usage

SeleniumSession$maximize_window(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$maximize_window()

session$close()
}

Method minimize_window()

Minimize the current window. This hides the window.

Usage

SeleniumSession$minimize_window(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$minimize_window()

session$close()
}

Method fullscreen_window()

Make the window full screen.

Usage

SeleniumSession$fullscreen_window(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$fullscreen_window()

session$close()
}

Method get_active_element()

Get the currently active element.

Usage

SeleniumSession$get_active_element(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

A WebElement object.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$get_active_element()

session$close()
}

Method find_element()

Find the first element matching a selector.

Usage

SeleniumSession$find_element(
  using = c("css selector", "xpath", "tag name", "link text", "partial link text"),
  value,
  request_body = NULL,
  timeout = 20
)

Arguments

Returns

A WebElement object.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")

session$find_element(using = "xpath", value = "//div[contains(@class, 'col-xs')]/h1")

session$close()
}

Method find_elements()

Find all elements matching a selector.

Usage

SeleniumSession$find_elements(
  using = c("css selector", "xpath", "tag name", "link text", "partial link text"),
  value,
  request_body = NULL,
  timeout = 20
)

Arguments

Returns

A list of WebElement objects.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_elements(using = "css selector", value = "h1")

session$find_elements(using = "xpath", value = "//h1")

session$close()
}

Method get_page_source()

Get the HTML source of the current page, serialized as a string.

Usage

SeleniumSession$get_page_source(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

A string.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$get_page_source()

session$close()
}

Method execute_script()

Execute a JavaScript script.

Usage

SeleniumSession$execute_script(x, ..., request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The return value of the script. Nodes or lists of nodes will be converted to WebElement objects.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$execute_script("return 1")

session$execute_script("return arguments[0] + arguments[1]", 1, 2)

element <- session$find_element(value = "*")

session$execute_script("return arguments[0]", element)

session$close()
}

Method execute_async_script()

Execute an asynchronous JavaScript script, waiting for a value to be returned.

Usage

SeleniumSession$execute_async_script(x, ..., request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The return value of the script. Nodes or lists of nodes will be converted to WebElement objects.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$execute_async_script("
  let callback = arguments[arguments.length - 1];
  callback(1)
")

session$close()
}

Method get_cookies()

Get all cookies.

Usage

SeleniumSession$get_cookies(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

A list of cookies. Each cookie is a list with a name and value field, along with some other optional fields.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$get_cookies()

session$close()
}

Method get_cookie()

Get a specific cookie using its name.

Usage

SeleniumSession$get_cookie(name, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The cookie object.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$add_cookie(list(name = "foo", value = "bar"))

session$get_cookie("foo")

session$close()
}

Method add_cookie()

Add a cookie to the cookie store of the current document.

Usage

SeleniumSession$add_cookie(cookie, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$add_cookie(list(name = "my_cookie", value = "1"))

session$close()
}

Method delete_cookie()

Delete a cookie using its name.

Usage

SeleniumSession$delete_cookie(name, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$add_cookie(list(name = "foo", value = "bar"))

session$delete_cookie("foo")

session$close()
}

Method delete_all_cookies()

Delete all cookies in the cookie store of the current document.

Usage

SeleniumSession$delete_all_cookies(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$delete_all_cookies()

session$close()
}

Method perform_actions()

Perform a sequence of actions.

Usage

SeleniumSession$perform_actions(
  actions,
  release_actions = TRUE,
  request_body = NULL,
  timeout = 20
)

Arguments

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

actions <- actions_stream(
  actions_press(keys$enter),
  actions_pause(0.5),
  actions_release(keys$enter)
)

session$perform_actions(actions)

session$close()
}

Method release_actions()

Release all keys and pointers that were pressed using perform_actions().

Usage

SeleniumSession$release_actions(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

actions <- actions_stream(
  actions_press("a")
)

session$perform_actions(actions, release_actions = FALSE)

session$release_actions()

session$close()
}

Method dismiss_alert()

Dismiss the current alert, if present.

Usage

SeleniumSession$dismiss_alert(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$execute_script("alert('hello')")

session$dismiss_alert()

session$close()
}

Method accept_alert()

Accept the current alert, if present.

Usage

SeleniumSession$accept_alert(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$execute_script("alert('hello')")

session$accept_alert()

session$close()
}

Method get_alert_text()

Get the message of the current alert, if present.

Usage

SeleniumSession$get_alert_text(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The message of the current alert (a string).

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$execute_script("alert('hello')")

session$get_alert_text()

session$close()
}

Method send_alert_text()

Send text to the current alert, if present. Useful if the alert is a prompt.

Usage

SeleniumSession$send_alert_text(text, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$execute_script("prompt('Enter text:')")

session$send_alert_text("hello")

session$close()
}

Method screenshot()

Take a screenshot of the current page.

Usage

SeleniumSession$screenshot(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The base64-encoded PNG screenshot, as a string.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$screenshot()

session$close()
}

Method print_page()

Render the current page as a PDF.

Usage

SeleniumSession$print_page(
  orientation = c("portrait", "landscape"),
  scale = 1,
  background = FALSE,
  width = NULL,
  height = NULL,
  margin = NULL,
  footer = NULL,
  header = NULL,
  shrink_to_fit = NULL,
  page_ranges = NULL,
  request_body = NULL,
  timeout = 20
)

Arguments

Returns

The base64-encoded PDF, as a string.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$print_page()

session$close()
}

Method clone()

The objects of this class are cloneable with this method.

Usage

SeleniumSession$clone(deep = FALSE)

Arguments

Examples

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$new`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new(verbose = TRUE)

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$create_webelement`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "*")

element2 <- session$create_webelement(id = element$id)

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$create_shadowroot`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

shadow_root <- session$create_shadowroot(id = "foo")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$close`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$status`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$status()

session$close()

session$status()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$get_timeouts`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 

session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$get_timeouts()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$set_timeouts`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$set_timeouts(script = 100)

session$get_timeouts()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$navigate`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$current_url`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$current_url()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$back`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$navigate("https://www.tidyverse.org")

session$back()

session$current_url()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$forward`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$navigate("https://www.tidyverse.org")

session$back()

session$forward()

session$current_url()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$refresh`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$refresh()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$title`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$title()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$window_handle`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$window_handle()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$close_window`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$new_window()

session$close_window()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$switch_to_window`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

handle <- session$window_handle()

handle2 <- session$new_window()$handle

session$switch_to_window(handle)

session$switch_to_window(handle2)

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$window_handles`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

handles <- session$window_handles()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$new_window`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

handle <- session$new_window()$handle

session$switch_to_window(handle)

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$switch_to_frame`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$switch_to_frame()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$switch_to_parent_frame`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$switch_to_frame()

session$switch_to_parent_frame()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$get_window_rect`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$get_window_rect()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$set_window_rect`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$set_window_rect(width = 800, height = 600, x = 2, y = 3)

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$maximize_window`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$maximize_window()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$minimize_window`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$minimize_window()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$fullscreen_window`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$fullscreen_window()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$get_active_element`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$get_active_element()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$find_element`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")

session$find_element(using = "xpath", value = "//div[contains(@class, 'col-xs')]/h1")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$find_elements`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_elements(using = "css selector", value = "h1")

session$find_elements(using = "xpath", value = "//h1")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$get_page_source`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$get_page_source()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$execute_script`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$execute_script("return 1")

session$execute_script("return arguments[0] + arguments[1]", 1, 2)

element <- session$find_element(value = "*")

session$execute_script("return arguments[0]", element)

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$execute_async_script`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$execute_async_script("
  let callback = arguments[arguments.length - 1];
  callback(1)
")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$get_cookies`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$get_cookies()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$get_cookie`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$add_cookie(list(name = "foo", value = "bar"))

session$get_cookie("foo")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$add_cookie`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$add_cookie(list(name = "my_cookie", value = "1"))

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$delete_cookie`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$add_cookie(list(name = "foo", value = "bar"))

session$delete_cookie("foo")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$delete_all_cookies`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$delete_all_cookies()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$perform_actions`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

actions <- actions_stream(
  actions_press(keys$enter),
  actions_pause(0.5),
  actions_release(keys$enter)
)

session$perform_actions(actions)

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$release_actions`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

actions <- actions_stream(
  actions_press("a")
)

session$perform_actions(actions, release_actions = FALSE)

session$release_actions()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$dismiss_alert`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$execute_script("alert('hello')")

session$dismiss_alert()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$accept_alert`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$execute_script("alert('hello')")

session$accept_alert()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$get_alert_text`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$execute_script("alert('hello')")

session$get_alert_text()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$send_alert_text`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$execute_script("prompt('Enter text:')")

session$send_alert_text("hello")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$screenshot`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$screenshot()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$print_page`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$print_page()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

Create a shadow root

Description

A shadow DOM is a self-contained DOM tree, contained within another DOM tree. A shadow root is an element that contains a DOM subtree. This class represents a shadow root object, allowing you to select elements within the shadow root.

Public fields

Methods

Public methods

• ShadowRoot$new()

• ShadowRoot$find_element()

• ShadowRoot$find_elements()

• ShadowRoot$toJSON()

• ShadowRoot$clone()

Method new()

Initialize a new ShadowRoot object. This should not be called manually: instead use WebElement$shadow_root(), or SeleniumSession$create_shadow_root().

Usage

ShadowRoot$new(session_id, req, verbose, id)

Arguments

Returns

A ShadowRoot object.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

# Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
session$execute_script("
  const div = document.createElement('div');
  document.body.appendChild(div);
  div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
")

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")

element$shadow_root()

session$close()
}

Method find_element()

Find an element in the shadow root.

Usage

ShadowRoot$find_element(
  using = c("css selector", "xpath", "tag name", "link text", "partial link text"),
  value,
  request_body = NULL,
  timeout = 20
)

Arguments

Returns

A WebElement object.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

# Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
session$execute_script("
  const div = document.createElement('div');
  document.body.appendChild(div);
  const shadowRoot = div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
  const span = document.createElement('span');
  span.textContent = 'Hello';
  shadowRoot.appendChild(span);
")

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")

shadow_root <- element$shadow_root()

shadow_root$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "span")

session$close()
}

Method find_elements()

Find all elements in a shadow root matching a selector.

Usage

ShadowRoot$find_elements(
  using = c("css selector", "xpath", "tag name", "link text", "partial link text"),
  value,
  request_body = NULL,
  timeout = 20
)

Arguments

Returns

A list of WebElement objects.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

# Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
session$execute_script("
  const div = document.createElement('div');
  document.body.appendChild(div);
  const shadowRoot = div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
  const span = document.createElement('span');
  span.textContent = 'Hello';
  shadowRoot.appendChild(span);
  const p = document.createElement('p');
  p.textContent = 'Me too!';
  shadowRoot.appendChild(p);
")

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")

shadow_root <- element$shadow_root()

shadow_root$find_elements(using = "css selector", value = "*")

session$close()
}

Method toJSON()

Convert an element to JSON. This is used by SeleniumSession$execute_script().

Usage

ShadowRoot$toJSON()

Returns

A list, which can then be converted to JSON using jsonlite::toJSON().

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

# Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
session$execute_script("
  const div = document.createElement('div');
  document.body.appendChild(div);
  div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
")

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")

shadow_root <- element$shadow_root()

result <- shadow_root$toJSON()

result

jsonlite::toJSON(result, auto_unbox = TRUE)

session$close()
}

Method clone()

The objects of this class are cloneable with this method.

Usage

ShadowRoot$clone(deep = FALSE)

Arguments

Examples

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `ShadowRoot$new`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

# Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
session$execute_script("
  const div = document.createElement('div');
  document.body.appendChild(div);
  div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
")

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")

element$shadow_root()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `ShadowRoot$find_element`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

# Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
session$execute_script("
  const div = document.createElement('div');
  document.body.appendChild(div);
  const shadowRoot = div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
  const span = document.createElement('span');
  span.textContent = 'Hello';
  shadowRoot.appendChild(span);
")

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")

shadow_root <- element$shadow_root()

shadow_root$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "span")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `ShadowRoot$find_elements`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

# Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
session$execute_script("
  const div = document.createElement('div');
  document.body.appendChild(div);
  const shadowRoot = div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
  const span = document.createElement('span');
  span.textContent = 'Hello';
  shadowRoot.appendChild(span);
  const p = document.createElement('p');
  p.textContent = 'Me too!';
  shadowRoot.appendChild(p);
")

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")

shadow_root <- element$shadow_root()

shadow_root$find_elements(using = "css selector", value = "*")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `ShadowRoot$toJSON`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

# Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
session$execute_script("
  const div = document.createElement('div');
  document.body.appendChild(div);
  div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
")

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")

shadow_root <- element$shadow_root()

result <- shadow_root$toJSON()

result

jsonlite::toJSON(result, auto_unbox = TRUE)

session$close()

## End(Not run)

Create a live element

Description

This class represents a single element on the page. It is created using an existing SeleniumSession instance.

Public fields

Methods

Public methods

• WebElement$new()

• WebElement$shadow_root()

• WebElement$find_element()

• WebElement$find_elements()

• WebElement$is_selected()

• WebElement$get_attribute()

• WebElement$get_property()

• WebElement$get_css_value()

• WebElement$get_text()

• WebElement$get_tag_name()

• WebElement$get_rect()

• WebElement$is_enabled()

• WebElement$computed_role()

• WebElement$computed_label()

• WebElement$click()

• WebElement$clear()

• WebElement$send_keys()

• WebElement$screenshot()

• WebElement$is_displayed()

• WebElement$toJSON()

• WebElement$clone()

Method new()

Initialize a WebElement object. This should not be called manually: instead use SeleniumSession$create_webelement() if you have an element id. To find elements on the page, use SeleniumSession$find_element() and SeleniumSession$find_elements().

Usage

WebElement$new(session_id, req, verbose, id)

Arguments

Returns

A WebElement object.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")

session$close()
}

Method shadow_root()

A shadow DOM is a self-contained DOM tree, contained within another DOM tree. A shadow root is an element that contains a DOM subtree. This method gets the shadow root property of an element.

Usage

WebElement$shadow_root(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

A ShadowRoot object.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

# Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
session$execute_script("
  const div = document.createElement('div');
  document.body.appendChild(div);
  div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
")

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")

shadow_root <- element$shadow_root()

session$close()
}

Method find_element()

Find the first element matching a selector, relative to the current element.

Usage

WebElement$find_element(
  using = c("css selector", "xpath", "tag name", "link text", "partial link text"),
  value,
  request_body = NULL,
  timeout = 20
)

Arguments

Returns

A WebElement object.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

row <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = ".row")

logo_container <- row$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "p")

logo <- logo_container$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "img")

session$close()
}

Method find_elements()

Find all elements matching a selector, relative to the current element.

Usage

WebElement$find_elements(
  using = c("css selector", "xpath", "tag name", "link text", "partial link text"),
  value,
  request_body = NULL,
  timeout = 20
)

Arguments

Returns

A list of WebElement objects.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

row <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = ".row")

links <- row$find_elements(using = "css selector", value = "a")

session$close()
}

Method is_selected()

Check if an element is currently selected.

Usage

WebElement$is_selected(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

A boolean value: TRUE or FALSE.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")$is_selected()

session$close()
}

Method get_attribute()

Get an attribute from an element.

Usage

WebElement$get_attribute(name, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The value of the attribute: a string.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$get_attribute("href")

session$close()
}

Method get_property()

Get a property from an element. Properties are similar to attributes, but represent the HTML source code of the page, rather than the current state of the DOM.

Usage

WebElement$get_property(name, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The value of the property: a string.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$get_property("href")

session$close()
}

Method get_css_value()

Get the computed value of a CSS property.

Usage

WebElement$get_css_value(name, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The value of the CSS property: a string.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$get_css_value("color")

session$close()
}

Method get_text()

Get the text content of an element.

Usage

WebElement$get_text(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The text content of the element: a string.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")$get_text()

session$close()
}

Method get_tag_name()

Get the tag name of an element.

Usage

WebElement$get_tag_name(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The tag name of the element: a string.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")$get_tag_name()

session$close()
}

Method get_rect()

Get the dimensions and coordinates of an element.

Usage

WebElement$get_rect(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

A list containing the following elements:

• x: The x-coordinate of the element.

• y: The y-coordinate of the element.

• width: The width of the element in pixels.

• height: The height of the element in pixels.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")$get_rect()

session$close()
}

Method is_enabled()

Check if an element is currently enabled.

Usage

WebElement$is_enabled(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

A boolean value: TRUE or FALSE.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$is_enabled()

session$close()
}

Method computed_role()

Get the computed role of an element. The role of an element is usually "generic", but is often used when an elements tag name differs from its purpose. For example, a link that is "button-like" in nature may have a "button" role.

Usage

WebElement$computed_role(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

A string.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$computed_role()

session$close()
}

Method computed_label()

Get the computed label of an element (i.e. The text of the label element that points to the current element).

Usage

WebElement$computed_label(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

A string.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$computed_label()

session$close()
}

Method click()

Click on an element.

Usage

WebElement$click(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The element, invisibly.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$click()

session$close()
}

Method clear()

Clear the contents of a text input element.

Usage

WebElement$clear(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The element, invisibly.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.google.com")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "textarea")$clear()

session$close()
}

Method send_keys()

Send keys to an element.

Usage

WebElement$send_keys(..., request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The element, invisibly.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.google.com")

input <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "textarea")

input$send_keys("Hello")

input$send_keys(key_chord(keys$control, "a"), key_chord(keys$control, "c"))

input$send_keys(keys$control, "v")

input$get_attribute("value")

session$close()
}

Method screenshot()

Take a screenshot of an element.

Usage

WebElement$screenshot(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

The base64-encoded PNG screenshot, as a string.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$screenshot()

session$close()
}

Method is_displayed()

Check if an element is displayed. This function may not work on all platforms.

Usage

WebElement$is_displayed(timeout = 20)

Arguments

Returns

A boolean.

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$is_displayed()

session$close()
}

Method toJSON()

Convert an element to JSON. This is used by SeleniumSession$execute_script().

Usage

WebElement$toJSON()

Returns

A list, which can then be converted to JSON using jsonlite::toJSON().

Examples

\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

result <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$toJSON()

result

jsonlite::toJSON(result, auto_unbox = TRUE)

session$close()
}

Method clone()

The objects of this class are cloneable with this method.

Usage

WebElement$clone(deep = FALSE)

Arguments

Examples

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$new`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$shadow_root`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

# Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
session$execute_script("
  const div = document.createElement('div');
  document.body.appendChild(div);
  div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
")

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")

shadow_root <- element$shadow_root()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$find_element`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

row <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = ".row")

logo_container <- row$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "p")

logo <- logo_container$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "img")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$find_elements`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

row <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = ".row")

links <- row$find_elements(using = "css selector", value = "a")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$is_selected`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")$is_selected()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$get_attribute`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$get_attribute("href")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$get_property`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$get_property("href")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$get_css_value`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$get_css_value("color")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$get_text`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")$get_text()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$get_tag_name`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")$get_tag_name()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$get_rect`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")$get_rect()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$is_enabled`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$is_enabled()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$computed_role`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$computed_role()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$computed_label`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$computed_label()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$click`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$click()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$clear`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.google.com")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "textarea")$clear()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$send_keys`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.google.com")

input <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "textarea")

input$send_keys("Hello")

input$send_keys(key_chord(keys$control, "a"), key_chord(keys$control, "c"))

input$send_keys(keys$control, "v")

input$get_attribute("value")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$screenshot`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$screenshot()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$is_displayed`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$is_displayed()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$toJSON`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

result <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$toJSON()

result

jsonlite::toJSON(result, auto_unbox = TRUE)

session$close()

## End(Not run)

Press, release or move the mouse

Description

Mouse actions to be passed into actions_stream(). actions_mousedown() represents pressing a button on the mouse, while actions_mouseup() represents releasing a button. actions_mousemove() represents moving the mouse.

Usage

actions_mousedown(
  button = c("left", "right", "middle"),
  width = NULL,
  height = NULL,
  pressure = NULL,
  tangential_pressure = NULL,
  tilt_x = NULL,
  tilt_y = NULL,
  twist = NULL,
  altitude_angle = NULL,
  azimuth_angle = NULL
)

actions_mouseup(
  button = c("left", "right", "middle"),
  width = NULL,
  height = NULL,
  pressure = NULL,
  tangential_pressure = NULL,
  tilt_x = NULL,
  tilt_y = NULL,
  twist = NULL,
  altitude_angle = NULL,
  azimuth_angle = NULL
)

actions_mousemove(
  x,
  y,
  duration = NULL,
  origin = c("viewport", "pointer"),
  width = NULL,
  height = NULL,
  pressure = NULL,
  tangential_pressure = NULL,
  tilt_x = NULL,
  tilt_y = NULL,
  twist = NULL,
  altitude_angle = NULL,
  azimuth_angle = NULL
)

Arguments

Value

A selenium_action object.

Examples

actions_stream(
  actions_mousedown("left", width = 1, height = 1, pressure = 0.5),
  actions_mouseup("left", width = 100, height = 50, pressure = 1),
  actions_mousemove(x = 1, y = 1, duration = 1, origin = "pointer")
)

Wait for a period of time

Description

A pause action to be passed into actions_stream(). Waits for a given number of seconds before performing the next action in the stream.

Usage

actions_pause(seconds)

Arguments

Value

A selenium_action object.

Examples

actions_stream(
  actions_pause(1)
)

Press or release a key

Description

Key actions to be passed into actions_stream(). actions_press() represents pressing a key on the keyboard, while actions_release() represents releasing a key.

Usage

actions_press(key)

actions_release(key)

Arguments

Value

A selenium_action object.

Examples

actions_stream(
  actions_press("a"),
  actions_release("a"),
  actions_press(keys$enter),
  actions_release(keys$enter)
)

Scroll the page

Description

Scroll actions to be passed into actions_stream(). Scroll the page in a given direction.

Usage

actions_scroll(x, y, delta_x, delta_y, duration = NULL, origin = "viewport")

Arguments

Value

A selenium_action object.

Examples

actions_stream(
  actions_scroll(x = 1, y = 1, delta_x = 1, delta_y = 1, duration = 0.5)
)

Create a set of actions to be performed

Description

actions_stream() creates a set of actions to be performed by SeleniumSession$perform_actions(). Actions are a low level way to interact with a page.

Usage

actions_stream(...)

Arguments

Value

A selenium_actions_stream object, ready to be passed into SeleniumSession$perform_actions().

See Also

• Pause actions: actions_pause().

• Press actions: actions_press() and actions_release().

• Mouse actions: actions_mousedown(), actions_mouseup() and actions_mousemove().

• Scroll actions: actions_scroll().

Examples

actions_stream(
  actions_press(keys$enter),
  actions_pause(0.5),
  actions_release(keys$enter),
  actions_scroll(x = 1, y = 1, delta_x = 1, delta_y = 1, duration = 0.5),
  actions_mousemove(x = 1, y = 1, duration = 1, origin = "pointer")
)

Custom browser options

Description

Create browser options to pass into the capabilities argument of SeleniumSession$new().

Usage

chrome_options(
  binary = NULL,
  args = NULL,
  extensions = NULL,
  prefs = NULL,
  ...
)

firefox_options(binary = NULL, args = NULL, profile = NULL, prefs = NULL, ...)

edge_options(binary = NULL, args = NULL, extensions = NULL, prefs = NULL, ...)

Arguments

Details

These functions allow you to more easily translate between Selenium code in other languages (e.g. Java/Python) to R. For example, consider the following Java code, adapted from the the Selenium documentation

ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();

options.setBinary("/path/to/chrome");
options.addArguments("--headless", "--disable-gpu");
options.addExtensions("/path/to/extension.crx");
options.setExperimentalOption("excludeSwitches", List.of("disable-popup-blocking"));

This can be translated to R as follows:

chrome_options(
  binary = "/path/to/chrome",
  args = c("--headless", "--disable-gpu"),
  extensions = "/path/to/extension.crx",
  excludeSwitches = list("disable-popup-blocking")
)

You can combine these options with non-browser specific options simply using c().

Note that Microsoft Edge options are very similar to Chrome options, since it is based on Chromium.

Value

A list of browser options, with Chrome options under the name goog:chromeOptions, Firefox options under moz:firefoxOptions, and Edge options under ms:edgeOptions.

See Also

For more information and examples on Chrome options, see: https://developer.chrome.com/docs/chromedriver/capabilities

For Firefox options: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Capabilities/firefoxOptions

For other options that affect Firefox but are not under mox:firefoxOptions, see: https://firefox-source-docs.mozilla.org/testing/geckodriver/Capabilities.html

For Edge options, see: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/webdriver-chromium/capabilities-edge-options#edgeoptions-object

Examples

# Basic options objects
chrome_options(
  binary = "/path/to/chrome",
  args = c("--headless", "--disable-gpu"),
  detatch = TRUE, # An additional option described in the link above.
  prefs = list(
    "profile.default_content_setting_values.notifications" = 2
  )
)


firefox_options(binary = "/path/to/firefox")

edge_options(binary = "/path/to/edge")

# Setting the user agent
chrome_options(args = c("--user-agent=My User Agent"))

edge_options(args = c("--user-agent=My User Agent"))

firefox_options(prefs = list(
  "general.useragent.override" = "My User Agent"
))

# Using a proxy server

chrome_options(args = c("--proxy-server=HOST:PORT"))

edge_options(args = c("--proxy-server=HOST:PORT"))

PORT <- 1
firefox_options(prefs = list(
  "network.proxy.type" = 1,
  "network.proxy.socks" = "HOST",
  "network.proxy.socks_port" = PORT,
  "network.proxy.socks_remote_dns" = FALSE
))

# Combining with other options
browser_options <- chrome_options(binary = "/path/to/chrome")

c(browser_options, list(platformName = "Windows"))

Combine special keys

Description

When a chord of keys is passed into WebElement$send_keys(), all keys will be pressed in order, and then released at the end. This is simply done by combining the keys into a single string, and appending the NULL key (keys$null) to the end. This is useful for keybindings like Ctrl-V, where you want the Ctrl key to be released after the action.

Usage

key_chord(...)

Arguments

Value

A string.

Examples

# `Ctrl-V` will be pressed, then `Ctrl-Alt-V`
paste0(
  keys$control, "v",
  keys$alt, "v"
)

# `Ctrl-V` will be pressed, then `Alt-V`
paste0(
  key_chord(keys$control, "v"),
  key_chord(keys$alt, "v")
)

A list of special keys

Description

A named list of special keys, where each key is a single Unicode character, which will be interpreted by selenium as a special key. Each key is just a string, so can be used with string manipulation functions like paste() without any special treatment.

Usage

keys

Format

An object of class list of length 65.

Examples

keys$enter

Download and start the Selenium server.

Description

Downloads the latest release of Selenium Server, and then runs it as a background process. You must have Java installed for this command to work.

Usage

selenium_server(
  version = "latest",
  host = "localhost",
  port = 4444L,
  selenium_manager = TRUE,
  interactive = TRUE,
  stdout = NULL,
  stderr = NULL,
  verbose = TRUE,
  temp = TRUE,
  path = NULL,
  extra_args = c(),
  ...
)

Arguments

Details

This command respects the JAVA_HOME environment variable when attempting to find the java executable. Otherwise, Sys.which() is used.

Value

A SeleniumServer object. Call server$kill() to stop the server.

See Also

The package website for more ways to start the Selenium server.

Examples

## Not run: 
# Disables the prompt that asks you whether you want to download Selenium server
server <- selenium_server(interactive = FALSE)

# Saves the server in your user data directory
server <- selenium_server(temp = FALSE)
server$kill()

# The server doesn't have to be downloaded again
server <- selenium_server(temp = FALSE)

# Here we use extra arguments to increase the timeout of client sessions,
# allowing sessions to stay open for longer without being automatically
# terminated.
server <- selenium_server(extra_args = c("--session-timeout", "3000"))

## End(Not run)

Is a selenium server instance running?

Description

wait_for_server() takes a server process returned by selenium_server() and waits for it to respond to status requests. If it doesn't, then an error is thrown detailing any errors in the response and any error messages from the server.

selenium_server_available() returns TRUE if a Selenium server is running on a given port and host. wait_for_selenium_available() waits for the Selenium server to become available for a given time, throwing an error if one does not. It is similar to wait_for_server() except that it works with servers not created by selenium.

get_server_status(), when given a port and host, figures out whether a Selenium server instance is running, and if so, returns its status. This is used by selenium_server_available() to figure out if the server is running.

Usage

wait_for_server(
  server,
  max_time = 60,
  error = TRUE,
  verbose = FALSE,
  timeout = 20
)

selenium_server_available(
  port = 4444L,
  host = "localhost",
  verbose = FALSE,
  timeout = 20
)

wait_for_selenium_available(
  max_time = 60,
  host = "localhost",
  port = 4444L,
  error = TRUE,
  verbose = FALSE,
  timeout = 20
)

get_server_status(
  host = "localhost",
  port = 4444L,
  verbose = FALSE,
  timeout = 20
)

Arguments

Value

wait_for_server() and wait_for_selenium_available() return TRUE if the server is ready to be connected to, and throw an error otherwise.

selenium_server_available() returns TRUE if a Selenium server is running, and FALSE otherwise.

get_server_status() returns a list that can (but may not always) contain the following fields:

• ready: Whether the server is ready to be connected to. This should always be returned by the server.

• message: A message about the status of the server.

• uptime: How long the server has been running.

• nodes: Information about the slots that the server can take.

Examples

## Not run: 
server <- selenium_server()

wait_for_server(server)

get_server_status()

selenium_server_available()

wait_for_selenium_available()

## End(Not run)