A layer as returned by layer(). Alternatively, a bare list of layers.

An expression that, when evaluated in the facet's layout data.frame, yields a logical vector parallel to the rows.

A numeric of length 1 indicating around which value to center the limits.

Limits for the x and y axes.

A numeric(1) for the positions where the orthogonal axes should be placed. If these are outside the bounds of the limits, the axes are placed to the nearest extreme.

One of "x", "y", "both" or "none" specifying the axes where labels should be placed inside the panel along the axes. TRUE is translated as "both" and FALSE (default) is translated as "none".

Either NULL, or a numeric(1) for a fixed aspect ratio, expressed as y / x.

If TRUE, the default, adds a small expansion factor to the limits to ensure that data and axes don't overlap. If FALSE, limits are taken exactly from the data or xlim/ylim.

Is this the default coordinate system? If FALSE (the default), then replacing this coordinate system with another one creates a message alerting the user that the coordinate system is being replaced. If TRUE, that warning is suppressed.

Should drawing be clipped to the extent of the plot panel? A setting of "on" (the default) means yes, and a setting of "off" means no. In most cases, the default of "on" should not be changed, as setting clip = "off" can cause unexpected results. It allows drawing of data points anywhere on the plot, including in the plot margins. If limits are set via xlim and ylim and some data points fall outside those limits, then those data points may show up in places such as the axes, the legend, the plot title, or the plot margins.

Not used.

Vectorised arguments to pass on to functions.

A function to distribute arguments to.

A logical(1) determining if unknown arguments are being culled.

A character of length one containing any of "t", "l", "b", "r". If these letters are present it will draw an edge at the top (t), left (l), bottom (b) or right (r) respectively. Including all or none of these letters will default to normal element_rect().

Fill colour.

Line/border colour. Color is an alias for colour.

Line/border size in mm.

Line type. An integer (0:8), a name (blank, solid, dashed, dotted, dotdash, longdash, twodash), or a string with an even number (up to eight) of hexadecimal digits which give the lengths in consecutive positions in the string.

Should this element inherit the existence of an element_blank among its parents? If TRUE the existence of a blank element among its parents will cause this element to be blank as well. If FALSE any blank parent element will be ignored when calculating final element state.

A set of variables or expressions quoted by vars() and defining faceting groups on the rows or columns dimension. The variables can be named (the names are passed to labeller).

For compatibility with the classic interface, rows can also be a formula with the rows (of the tabular display) on the LHS and the columns (of the tabular display) on the RHS; the dot in the formula is used to indicate there should be no faceting on this dimension (either row or column).

A character(1) or logical(1) whether scales are shared across facets or allowed to vary. Interacts with the independent argument. One of the following:

"fixed" or FALSE

Scales are shared across all facets (default).

"free_x"

x-scales are allowed to vary across rows.

"free_y"

y-scales are allowed to vary across columns.

"free" or TRUE

Scales can vary across rows and columns.

A character(1) or logical(1) determining whether the size of panels are proportional to the length of the scales. When the independent argument allows for free scales in a dimension, the panel sizes cannot be proportional. Note that the scales argument must be free in the same dimension as the space argument to have an effect.One of the following:

"fixed" or FALSE

All panels have the same size (default).

"free_x"

Panel widths are proportional to the x-scales.

"free_y"

Panel heights are proportional to the y-scales.

"free" or TRUE

Both the widths and heights vary according to scales.

A character(1) or logical(1) where axes should be drawn. One of the following:

"margins" or FALSE

Only draw axes at the outer margins (default).

"x"

Draw axes at the outer margins and all inner x-axes too.

"y"

Draw axes at the outer margins and all inner y-axes too.

"all" or TRUE

Draw the axes for every panel.

A character(1) or logical(1) determining whether axis text is displayed at inner panels. One of the following:

"none" or FALSE

Display axis text at all axes (default).

"x"

Display axis text at outer margins and all inner y-axes.

"y"

Display axis text at outer margins and all inner x-axes.

"all" or TRUE

Only display axis text at the outer margins.

A character(1) or logical(1) determining whether scales can vary within a row or column of panels, like they can be in ggplot2::facet_wrap. The scales argument must be free for the same dimension before they can be set to independent. One of the following:

"none" or FALSE

All y-scales should be fixed in a row and all x-scales are fixed in a column (default).

"x"

x-scales are allowed to vary within a column.

"y"

y-scales are allowed to vary within a row.

"all" or TRUE

Both x- and y-scales are allowed to vary within a column or row respectively.

If TRUE, will shrink scales to fit output of statistics, not raw data. If FALSE, will be range of raw data before statistical summary.

A function that takes one data frame of labels and returns a list or data frame of character vectors. Each input column corresponds to one factor. Thus there will be more than one with vars(cyl, am). Each output column gets displayed as one separate line in the strip label. This function should inherit from the "labeller" S3 class for compatibility with labeller(). You can use different labeling functions for different kind of labels, for example use label_parsed() for formatting facet labels. label_value() is used by default, check it for more details and pointers to other options.

If TRUE, the default, the facets are laid out like a table with highest values at the bottom-right. If FALSE, the facets are laid out like a plot with the highest value at the top-right.

By default, the labels are displayed on the top and right of the plot. If "x", the top labels will be displayed to the bottom. If "y", the right-hand side labels will be displayed to the left. Can also be set to "both".

If TRUE, the default, all factor levels not used in the data will automatically be dropped. If FALSE, all factor levels will be shown, regardless of whether or not they appear in the data.

Either a logical value or a character vector. Margins are additional facets which contain all the data for each of the possible values of the faceting variables. If FALSE, no additional facets are included (the default). If TRUE, margins are included for all faceting variables. If specified as a character vector, it is the names of variables for which margins are to be created.

A logical(1): whether to draw panels without any data (TRUE, default) or display these as blanks (FALSE).

A strip specification as one of the following:

• An object inheriting from ⁠<Strip>⁠, such as an object created with strip_vanilla().

• A strip function, i.e. strip_vanilla.

• A string giving such function without the strip_-prefix, i.e. "vanilla".

An object created by a call to a strip function, such as strip_vanilla.

A set of variables or expressions quoted by vars() and defining faceting groups on the rows or columns dimension. The variables can be named (the names are passed to labeller).

For compatibility with the classic interface, can also be a formula or character vector. Use either a one sided formula, ~a + b, or a character vector, c("a", "b").

Specification of panel areas in the layout. Can either be specified as a character(1) string or as a matrix. See examples.

A numeric or unit vector setting the sizes of panels. A numeric vector is converted to relative "null" units. Alternatively, when NULL (default), the sizes are set per instructions of coord or theme aspect ratio. Note that these widths and heights apply to the cells where panels can be drawn. In between such cells, room will be made to fit plot decoration such as paddings, axes and strips.

A logical(1). If TRUE, widths and heights specified in "null" units are proportional. If FALSE, "null" units in the x- and y-directions can vary independently. Alternatively, when NULL, the respect parameter takes instructions from the coord or theme.

If TRUE, the default, all factor levels not used in the data will automatically be dropped. If FALSE, all factor levels will be shown, regardless of whether or not they appear in the data.

By default, the labels are displayed on the top of the plot. Using strip.position it is possible to place the labels on either of the four sides by setting strip.position = c("top", "bottom", "left", "right")

A character(1) or logical(1) whether scales are shared across facets or allowed to vary. One of the following:

"fixed" or FALSE

Scales are shared across all facets (default).

"free_x"

x-scales are allowed to vary.

"free_y"

y-scales are allowed to vary.

"free" or TRUE

Both scales can vary

A character(1) or logical(1) where axes should be drawn. One of the following:

"margins" or FALSE

Only draw axes at the outer margins (default).

"x"

Draw axes at the outer margins and all inner x-axes too.

"y"

Draw axes at the outer margins and all inner y-axes too.

"all" or TRUE

Draw the axes for every panel.

A character(1) or logical(1) determining whether axis text is displayed at inner panels. One of the following:

"none" or FALSE

Display axis text at all axes (default).

"x"

Display axis text at outer margins and all inner y-axes.

"y"

Display axis text at outer margins and all inner x-axes.

"all" or TRUE

Only display axis text at the outer margins.

A function that takes one data frame of labels and returns a list or data frame of character vectors. Each input column corresponds to one factor. Thus there will be more than one with vars(cyl, am). Each output column gets displayed as one separate line in the strip label. This function should inherit from the "labeller" S3 class for compatibility with labeller(). You can use different labeling functions for different kind of labels, for example use label_parsed() for formatting facet labels. label_value() is used by default, check it for more details and pointers to other options.

A logical(1). When TRUE (default), the design will be trimmed to remove empty rows and columns.

A strip specification as one of the following:

• An object inheriting from ⁠<Strip>⁠, such as an object created with strip_vanilla().

• A strip function, i.e. strip_vanilla.

• A string giving such function without the strip_-prefix, i.e. "vanilla".

A set of variables or expressions quoted by vars() and defining faceting groups on the rows or columns dimension. The variables can be named (the names are passed to labeller).

For compatibility with the classic interface, rows can also be a formula with the rows (of the tabular display) on the LHS and the columns (of the tabular display) on the RHS; the dot in the formula is used to indicate there should be no faceting on this dimension (either row or column).

A character(1) or logical(1) whether scales are shared across facets or allowed to vary. Interacts with the independent argument. One of the following:

"fixed" or FALSE

Scales are shared across all facets (default).

"free_x"

x-scales are allowed to vary across rows.

"free_y"

y-scales are allowed to vary across columns.

"free" or TRUE

Scales can vary across rows and columns.

A character(1) or logical(1) determining whether the size of panels are proportional to the length of the scales. When the independent argument allows for free scales in a dimension, the panel sizes cannot be proportional. Note that the scales argument must be free in the same dimension as the space argument to have an effect.One of the following:

"fixed" or FALSE

All panels have the same size (default).

"free_x"

Panel widths are proportional to the x-scales.

"free_y"

Panel heights are proportional to the y-scales.

"free" or TRUE

Both the widths and heights vary according to scales.

A character(1) or logical(1) where axes should be drawn. One of the following:

"margins" or FALSE

Only draw axes at the outer margins (default).

"x"

Draw axes at the outer margins and all inner x-axes too.

"y"

Draw axes at the outer margins and all inner y-axes too.

"all" or TRUE

Draw the axes for every panel.

A character(1) or logical(1) determining whether axis text is displayed at inner panels. One of the following:

"none" or FALSE

Display axis text at all axes (default).

"x"

Display axis text at outer margins and all inner y-axes.

"y"

Display axis text at outer margins and all inner x-axes.

"all" or TRUE

Only display axis text at the outer margins.

A character(1) or logical(1) determining whether scales can vary within a row or column of panels, like they can be in ggplot2::facet_wrap. The scales argument must be free for the same dimension before they can be set to independent. One of the following:

"none" or FALSE

All y-scales should be fixed in a row and all x-scales are fixed in a column (default).

"x"

x-scales are allowed to vary within a column.

"y"

y-scales are allowed to vary within a row.

"all" or TRUE

Both x- and y-scales are allowed to vary within a column or row respectively.

If TRUE, will shrink scales to fit output of statistics, not raw data. If FALSE, will be range of raw data before statistical summary.

A function that takes one data frame of labels and returns a list or data frame of character vectors. Each input column corresponds to one factor. Thus there will be more than one with vars(cyl, am). Each output column gets displayed as one separate line in the strip label. This function should inherit from the "labeller" S3 class for compatibility with labeller(). You can use different labeling functions for different kind of labels, for example use label_parsed() for formatting facet labels. label_value() is used by default, check it for more details and pointers to other options.

If TRUE, the default, the facets are laid out like a table with highest values at the bottom-right. If FALSE, the facets are laid out like a plot with the highest value at the top-right.

By default, the labels are displayed on the top and right of the plot. If "x", the top labels will be displayed to the bottom. If "y", the right-hand side labels will be displayed to the left. Can also be set to "both".

If TRUE, the default, all factor levels not used in the data will automatically be dropped. If FALSE, all factor levels will be shown, regardless of whether or not they appear in the data.

Either a logical value or a character vector. Margins are additional facets which contain all the data for each of the possible values of the faceting variables. If FALSE, no additional facets are included (the default). If TRUE, margins are included for all faceting variables. If specified as a character vector, it is the names of variables for which margins are to be created.

a theme element, either element_blank() or inheriting from ggplot2::element_line(). Lines are drawn between layers of strips indicating hierarchy. The element inherits from the ggh4x.facet.nestline element in the theme.

A logical(1) indicating whether parent strips with a single child should be drawn with a nest_line (TRUE) or the line only applies to parents with multiple children (FALSE, default). Only relevant when nest_line is drawn.

a unit vector of length 1, indicating how much the nesting line should be shortened.

A logical(1): whether to draw panels without any data (TRUE, default) or display these as blanks (FALSE).

An object created by a call to a strip function, such as strip_nested().

the bleed argument has moved to the strip_nested() function.

A set of variables or expressions quoted by vars() and defining faceting groups on the rows or columns dimension. The variables can be named (the names are passed to labeller).

For compatibility with the classic interface, can also be a formula or character vector. Use either a one sided formula, ~a + b, or a character vector, c("a", "b").

Number of rows and columns.

A character(1) or logical(1) whether scales are shared across facets or allowed to vary. One of the following:

"fixed" or FALSE

Scales are shared across all facets (default).

"free_x"

x-scales are allowed to vary.

"free_y"

y-scales are allowed to vary.

"free" or TRUE

Both scales can vary

A character(1) or logical(1) where axes should be drawn. One of the following:

"margins" or FALSE

Only draw axes at the outer margins (default).

"x"

Draw axes at the outer margins and all inner x-axes too.

"y"

Draw axes at the outer margins and all inner y-axes too.

"all" or TRUE

Draw the axes for every panel.

A character(1) or logical(1) determining whether axis text is displayed at inner panels. One of the following:

"none" or FALSE

Display axis text at all axes (default).

"x"

Display axis text at outer margins and all inner y-axes.

"y"

Display axis text at outer margins and all inner x-axes.

"all" or TRUE

Only display axis text at the outer margins.

If TRUE, will shrink scales to fit output of statistics, not raw data. If FALSE, will be range of raw data before statistical summary.

A function that takes one data frame of labels and returns a list or data frame of character vectors. Each input column corresponds to one factor. Thus there will be more than one with vars(cyl, am). Each output column gets displayed as one separate line in the strip label. This function should inherit from the "labeller" S3 class for compatibility with labeller(). You can use different labeling functions for different kind of labels, for example use label_parsed() for formatting facet labels. label_value() is used by default, check it for more details and pointers to other options.

If TRUE, the default, the facets are laid out like a table with highest values at the bottom-right. If FALSE, the facets are laid out like a plot with the highest value at the top-right.

If TRUE, the default, all factor levels not used in the data will automatically be dropped. If FALSE, all factor levels will be shown, regardless of whether or not they appear in the data.

Direction: either "h" for horizontal, the default, or "v", for vertical.

By default, the labels are displayed on the top of the plot. Using strip.position it is possible to place the labels on either of the four sides by setting strip.position = c("top", "bottom", "left", "right")

a theme element, either element_blank() or inheriting from ggplot2::element_line(). Lines are drawn between layers of strips indicating hierarchy. The element inherits from the ggh4x.facet.nestline element in the theme.

A logical(1) indicating whether parent strips with a single child should be drawn with a nest_line (TRUE) or the line only applies to parents with multiple children (FALSE, default). Only relevant when nest_line is drawn.

a unit vector of length 1, indicating how much the nesting line should be shortened.

A logical(1). When TRUE (default), does not draw rows and columns containing no panels. When FALSE, the nrow and ncol arguments are taken literally, even when there are more than needed to fit all panels.

An object created by a call to a strip function, such as strip_nested().

the bleed argument has moved to the strip_nested() function.

A set of variables or expressions quoted by vars() and defining faceting groups on the rows or columns dimension. The variables can be named (the names are passed to labeller).

For compatibility with the classic interface, can also be a formula or character vector. Use either a one sided formula, ~a + b, or a character vector, c("a", "b").

Number of rows and columns.

A character(1) or logical(1) whether scales are shared across facets or allowed to vary. One of the following:

"fixed" or FALSE

Scales are shared across all facets (default).

"free_x"

x-scales are allowed to vary.

"free_y"

y-scales are allowed to vary.

"free" or TRUE

Both scales can vary

A character(1) or logical(1) where axes should be drawn. One of the following:

"margins" or FALSE

Only draw axes at the outer margins (default).

"x"

Draw axes at the outer margins and all inner x-axes too.

"y"

Draw axes at the outer margins and all inner y-axes too.

"all" or TRUE

Draw the axes for every panel.

A character(1) or logical(1) determining whether axis text is displayed at inner panels. One of the following:

"none" or FALSE

Display axis text at all axes (default).

"x"

Display axis text at outer margins and all inner y-axes.

"y"

Display axis text at outer margins and all inner x-axes.

"all" or TRUE

Only display axis text at the outer margins.

If TRUE, will shrink scales to fit output of statistics, not raw data. If FALSE, will be range of raw data before statistical summary.

A function that takes one data frame of labels and returns a list or data frame of character vectors. Each input column corresponds to one factor. Thus there will be more than one with vars(cyl, am). Each output column gets displayed as one separate line in the strip label. This function should inherit from the "labeller" S3 class for compatibility with labeller(). You can use different labeling functions for different kind of labels, for example use label_parsed() for formatting facet labels. label_value() is used by default, check it for more details and pointers to other options.

If TRUE, the default, the facets are laid out like a table with highest values at the bottom-right. If FALSE, the facets are laid out like a plot with the highest value at the top-right.

If TRUE, the default, all factor levels not used in the data will automatically be dropped. If FALSE, all factor levels will be shown, regardless of whether or not they appear in the data.

Direction: either "h" for horizontal, the default, or "v", for vertical.

By default, the labels are displayed on the top of the plot. Using strip.position it is possible to place the labels on either of the four sides by setting strip.position = c("top", "bottom", "left", "right")

A logical(1). When TRUE (default), does not draw rows and columns containing no panels. When FALSE, the nrow and ncol arguments are taken literally, even when there are more than needed to fit all panels.

A strip specification as one of the following:

• An object inheriting from ⁠<Strip>⁠, such as an object created with strip_vanilla().

• A strip function, i.e. strip_vanilla.

• A string giving such function without the strip_-prefix, i.e. "vanilla".

A list wherein elements are either x/y position scales or NULLs. Alternatively, a list of formulae (see details).

a numeric or unit vector for setting panel heights (rows) or panel widths (cols).

a logical value. If TRUE, widths and heights specified in ⁠"null" unit⁠s are proportional. If FALSE, ⁠"null" unit⁠s in x- and y-direction vary independently.

an absolute unit of length 1 setting the total width or height of all panels and the decoration between panels. If not NULL, rows and cols should be numeric and not units.

Set of aesthetic mappings created by aes(). If specified and inherit.aes = TRUE (the default), it is combined with the default mapping at the top level of the plot. You must supply mapping if there is no plot mapping.

The data to be displayed in this layer. There are three options:

If NULL, the default, the data is inherited from the plot data as specified in the call to ggplot().

A data.frame, or other object, will override the plot data. All objects will be fortified to produce a data frame. See fortify() for which variables will be created.

A function will be called with a single argument, the plot data. The return value must be a data.frame, and will be used as the layer data. A function can be created from a formula (e.g. ~ head(.x, 10)).

The statistical transformation to use on the data for this layer. When using a ⁠geom_*()⁠ function to construct a layer, the stat argument can be used the override the default coupling between geoms and stats. The stat argument accepts the following:

• A Stat ggproto subclass, for example StatCount.

• A string naming the stat. To give the stat as a string, strip the function name of the stat_ prefix. For example, to use stat_count(), give the stat as "count".

• For more information and other ways to specify the stat, see the layer stat documentation.

A position adjustment to use on the data for this layer. This can be used in various ways, including to prevent overplotting and improving the display. The position argument accepts the following:

• The result of calling a position function, such as position_jitter(). This method allows for passing extra arguments to the position.

• A string naming the position adjustment. To give the position as a string, strip the function name of the position_ prefix. For example, to use position_jitter(), give the position as "jitter".

• For more information and other ways to specify the position, see the layer position documentation.

Other arguments passed on to layer()'s params argument. These arguments broadly fall into one of 4 categories below. Notably, further arguments to the position argument, or aesthetics that are required can not be passed through .... Unknown arguments that are not part of the 4 categories below are ignored.

• Static aesthetics that are not mapped to a scale, but are at a fixed value and apply to the layer as a whole. For example, colour = "red" or linewidth = 3. The geom's documentation has an Aesthetics section that lists the available options. The 'required' aesthetics cannot be passed on to the params. Please note that while passing unmapped aesthetics as vectors is technically possible, the order and required length is not guaranteed to be parallel to the input data.

• When constructing a layer using a ⁠stat_*()⁠ function, the ... argument can be used to pass on parameters to the geom part of the layer. An example of this is stat_density(geom = "area", outline.type = "both"). The geom's documentation lists which parameters it can accept.

• Inversely, when constructing a layer using a ⁠geom_*()⁠ function, the ... argument can be used to pass on parameters to the stat part of the layer. An example of this is geom_area(stat = "density", adjust = 0.5). The stat's documentation lists which parameters it can accept.

• The key_glyph argument of layer() may also be passed on through .... This can be one of the functions described as key glyphs, to change the display of the layer in the legend.

Line join style (round, mitre, bevel).

If FALSE, the default, missing values are removed with a warning. If TRUE, missing values are silently removed.

logical. Should this layer be included in the legends? NA, the default, includes if any aesthetics are mapped. FALSE never includes, and TRUE always includes. It can also be a named logical vector to finely select the aesthetics to display.

If FALSE, overrides the default aesthetics, rather than combining with them. This is most useful for helper functions that define both data and aesthetics and shouldn't inherit behaviour from the default plot specification, e.g. borders().

A grid::unit object of length 1 or numeric(1) to set rounded corners. If NULL (default), no rounded corners are applied. If numeric(1), it is interpreted as millimetres. Does not work under non-linear coordinates.

Set of aesthetic mappings created by aes(). If specified and inherit.aes = TRUE (the default), it is combined with the default mapping at the top level of the plot. You must supply mapping if there is no plot mapping.

The data to be displayed in this layer. There are three options:

If NULL, the default, the data is inherited from the plot data as specified in the call to ggplot().

A data.frame, or other object, will override the plot data. All objects will be fortified to produce a data frame. See fortify() for which variables will be created.

A function will be called with a single argument, the plot data. The return value must be a data.frame, and will be used as the layer data. A function can be created from a formula (e.g. ~ head(.x, 10)).

The statistical transformation to use on the data for this layer. When using a ⁠geom_*()⁠ function to construct a layer, the stat argument can be used the override the default coupling between geoms and stats. The stat argument accepts the following:

• A Stat ggproto subclass, for example StatCount.

• A string naming the stat. To give the stat as a string, strip the function name of the stat_ prefix. For example, to use stat_count(), give the stat as "count".

• For more information and other ways to specify the stat, see the layer stat documentation.

A position adjustment to use on the data for this layer. This can be used in various ways, including to prevent overplotting and improving the display. The position argument accepts the following:

• The result of calling a position function, such as position_jitter(). This method allows for passing extra arguments to the position.

• A string naming the position adjustment. To give the position as a string, strip the function name of the position_ prefix. For example, to use position_jitter(), give the position as "jitter".

• For more information and other ways to specify the position, see the layer position documentation.

Other arguments passed on to layer()'s params argument. These arguments broadly fall into one of 4 categories below. Notably, further arguments to the position argument, or aesthetics that are required can not be passed through .... Unknown arguments that are not part of the 4 categories below are ignored.

• Static aesthetics that are not mapped to a scale, but are at a fixed value and apply to the layer as a whole. For example, colour = "red" or linewidth = 3. The geom's documentation has an Aesthetics section that lists the available options. The 'required' aesthetics cannot be passed on to the params. Please note that while passing unmapped aesthetics as vectors is technically possible, the order and required length is not guaranteed to be parallel to the input data.

• When constructing a layer using a ⁠stat_*()⁠ function, the ... argument can be used to pass on parameters to the geom part of the layer. An example of this is stat_density(geom = "area", outline.type = "both"). The geom's documentation lists which parameters it can accept.

• Inversely, when constructing a layer using a ⁠geom_*()⁠ function, the ... argument can be used to pass on parameters to the stat part of the layer. An example of this is geom_area(stat = "density", adjust = 0.5). The stat's documentation lists which parameters it can accept.

• The key_glyph argument of layer() may also be passed on through .... This can be one of the functions described as key glyphs, to change the display of the layer in the legend.

If FALSE, the default, missing values are removed with a warning. If TRUE, missing values are silently removed.

logical. Should this layer be included in the legends? NA, the default, includes if any aesthetics are mapped. FALSE never includes, and TRUE always includes. It can also be a named logical vector to finely select the aesthetics to display.

If FALSE, overrides the default aesthetics, rather than combining with them. This is most useful for helper functions that define both data and aesthetics and shouldn't inherit behaviour from the default plot specification, e.g. borders().

Set of aesthetic mappings created by aes(). If specified and inherit.aes = TRUE (the default), it is combined with the default mapping at the top level of the plot. You must supply mapping if there is no plot mapping.

The data to be displayed in this layer. There are three options:

If NULL, the default, the data is inherited from the plot data as specified in the call to ggplot().

A data.frame, or other object, will override the plot data. All objects will be fortified to produce a data frame. See fortify() for which variables will be created.

A function will be called with a single argument, the plot data. The return value must be a data.frame, and will be used as the layer data. A function can be created from a formula (e.g. ~ head(.x, 10)).

The statistical transformation to use on the data for this layer. When using a ⁠geom_*()⁠ function to construct a layer, the stat argument can be used the override the default coupling between geoms and stats. The stat argument accepts the following:

• A Stat ggproto subclass, for example StatCount.

• A string naming the stat. To give the stat as a string, strip the function name of the stat_ prefix. For example, to use stat_count(), give the stat as "count".

• For more information and other ways to specify the stat, see the layer stat documentation.

A position adjustment to use on the data for this layer. This can be used in various ways, including to prevent overplotting and improving the display. The position argument accepts the following:

• The result of calling a position function, such as position_jitter(). This method allows for passing extra arguments to the position.

• A string naming the position adjustment. To give the position as a string, strip the function name of the position_ prefix. For example, to use position_jitter(), give the position as "jitter".

• For more information and other ways to specify the position, see the layer position documentation.

Other arguments passed on to layer()'s params argument. These arguments broadly fall into one of 4 categories below. Notably, further arguments to the position argument, or aesthetics that are required can not be passed through .... Unknown arguments that are not part of the 4 categories below are ignored.

• Static aesthetics that are not mapped to a scale, but are at a fixed value and apply to the layer as a whole. For example, colour = "red" or linewidth = 3. The geom's documentation has an Aesthetics section that lists the available options. The 'required' aesthetics cannot be passed on to the params. Please note that while passing unmapped aesthetics as vectors is technically possible, the order and required length is not guaranteed to be parallel to the input data.

• When constructing a layer using a ⁠stat_*()⁠ function, the ... argument can be used to pass on parameters to the geom part of the layer. An example of this is stat_density(geom = "area", outline.type = "both"). The geom's documentation lists which parameters it can accept.

• Inversely, when constructing a layer using a ⁠geom_*()⁠ function, the ... argument can be used to pass on parameters to the stat part of the layer. An example of this is geom_area(stat = "density", adjust = 0.5). The stat's documentation lists which parameters it can accept.

• The key_glyph argument of layer() may also be passed on through .... This can be one of the functions described as key glyphs, to change the display of the layer in the legend.

If FALSE, the default, missing values are removed with a warning. If TRUE, missing values are silently removed.

logical. Should this layer be included in the legends? NA, the default, includes if any aesthetics are mapped. FALSE never includes, and TRUE always includes. It can also be a named logical vector to finely select the aesthetics to display.

Arrow specification as created by grid::arrow().

If FALSE, overrides the default aesthetics, rather than combining with them. This is most useful for helper functions that define both data and aesthetics and shouldn't inherit behaviour from the default plot specification, e.g. borders().

Set of aesthetic mappings created by aes(). If specified and inherit.aes = TRUE (the default), it is combined with the default mapping at the top level of the plot. You must supply mapping if there is no plot mapping.

The data to be displayed in this layer. There are three options:

If NULL, the default, the data is inherited from the plot data as specified in the call to ggplot().

A data.frame, or other object, will override the plot data. All objects will be fortified to produce a data frame. See fortify() for which variables will be created.

A function will be called with a single argument, the plot data. The return value must be a data.frame, and will be used as the layer data. A function can be created from a formula (e.g. ~ head(.x, 10)).

The statistical transformation to use on the data for this layer. When using a ⁠geom_*()⁠ function to construct a layer, the stat argument can be used the override the default coupling between geoms and stats. The stat argument accepts the following:

• A Stat ggproto subclass, for example StatCount.

• A string naming the stat. To give the stat as a string, strip the function name of the stat_ prefix. For example, to use stat_count(), give the stat as "count".

• For more information and other ways to specify the stat, see the layer stat documentation.

A position adjustment to use on the data for this layer. This can be used in various ways, including to prevent overplotting and improving the display. The position argument accepts the following:

• The result of calling a position function, such as position_jitter(). This method allows for passing extra arguments to the position.

• A string naming the position adjustment. To give the position as a string, strip the function name of the position_ prefix. For example, to use position_jitter(), give the position as "jitter".

• For more information and other ways to specify the position, see the layer position documentation.

Other arguments passed on to layer()'s params argument. These arguments broadly fall into one of 4 categories below. Notably, further arguments to the position argument, or aesthetics that are required can not be passed through .... Unknown arguments that are not part of the 4 categories below are ignored.

• Static aesthetics that are not mapped to a scale, but are at a fixed value and apply to the layer as a whole. For example, colour = "red" or linewidth = 3. The geom's documentation has an Aesthetics section that lists the available options. The 'required' aesthetics cannot be passed on to the params. Please note that while passing unmapped aesthetics as vectors is technically possible, the order and required length is not guaranteed to be parallel to the input data.

• When constructing a layer using a ⁠stat_*()⁠ function, the ... argument can be used to pass on parameters to the geom part of the layer. An example of this is stat_density(geom = "area", outline.type = "both"). The geom's documentation lists which parameters it can accept.

• Inversely, when constructing a layer using a ⁠geom_*()⁠ function, the ... argument can be used to pass on parameters to the stat part of the layer. An example of this is geom_area(stat = "density", adjust = 0.5). The stat's documentation lists which parameters it can accept.

• The key_glyph argument of layer() may also be passed on through .... This can be one of the functions described as key glyphs, to change the display of the layer in the legend.

horizontal and vertical justification of the grob. Each justification value should be a number between 0 and 1. Defaults to 0.5 for both, centering each pixel over its data location.

If FALSE, the default, missing values are removed with a warning. If TRUE, missing values are silently removed.

logical. Should this layer be included in the legends? NA, the default, includes if any aesthetics are mapped. FALSE never includes, and TRUE always includes. It can also be a named logical vector to finely select the aesthetics to display.

If FALSE, overrides the default aesthetics, rather than combining with them. This is most useful for helper functions that define both data and aesthetics and shouldn't inherit behaviour from the default plot specification, e.g. borders().

Set of aesthetic mappings created by aes(). If specified and inherit.aes = TRUE (the default), it is combined with the default mapping at the top level of the plot. You must supply mapping if there is no plot mapping.

The data to be displayed in this layer. There are three options:

If NULL, the default, the data is inherited from the plot data as specified in the call to ggplot().

A data.frame, or other object, will override the plot data. All objects will be fortified to produce a data frame. See fortify() for which variables will be created.

A function will be called with a single argument, the plot data. The return value must be a data.frame, and will be used as the layer data. A function can be created from a formula (e.g. ~ head(.x, 10)).

The statistical transformation to use on the data for this layer. When using a ⁠geom_*()⁠ function to construct a layer, the stat argument can be used the override the default coupling between geoms and stats. The stat argument accepts the following:

• A Stat ggproto subclass, for example StatCount.

• A string naming the stat. To give the stat as a string, strip the function name of the stat_ prefix. For example, to use stat_count(), give the stat as "count".

• For more information and other ways to specify the stat, see the layer stat documentation.

A position adjustment to use on the data for this layer. This can be used in various ways, including to prevent overplotting and improving the display. The position argument accepts the following:

• The result of calling a position function, such as position_jitter(). This method allows for passing extra arguments to the position.

• A string naming the position adjustment. To give the position as a string, strip the function name of the position_ prefix. For example, to use position_jitter(), give the position as "jitter".

• For more information and other ways to specify the position, see the layer position documentation.

Other arguments passed on to layer()'s params argument. These arguments broadly fall into one of 4 categories below. Notably, further arguments to the position argument, or aesthetics that are required can not be passed through .... Unknown arguments that are not part of the 4 categories below are ignored.

• Static aesthetics that are not mapped to a scale, but are at a fixed value and apply to the layer as a whole. For example, colour = "red" or linewidth = 3. The geom's documentation has an Aesthetics section that lists the available options. The 'required' aesthetics cannot be passed on to the params. Please note that while passing unmapped aesthetics as vectors is technically possible, the order and required length is not guaranteed to be parallel to the input data.

• When constructing a layer using a ⁠stat_*()⁠ function, the ... argument can be used to pass on parameters to the geom part of the layer. An example of this is stat_density(geom = "area", outline.type = "both"). The geom's documentation lists which parameters it can accept.

• Inversely, when constructing a layer using a ⁠geom_*()⁠ function, the ... argument can be used to pass on parameters to the stat part of the layer. An example of this is geom_area(stat = "density", adjust = 0.5). The stat's documentation lists which parameters it can accept.

• The key_glyph argument of layer() may also be passed on through .... This can be one of the functions described as key glyphs, to change the display of the layer in the legend.

logical of length 1 that controls whether to move the rectangles outside of the plot area. For the best results, it is probably best to set coord_cartesian(clip = "off") and avoid overlap with the default axes by changing the sides argument to "tr".

A string of length 1 that controls which sides of the plot the rug-rectangles appear on. A string containing any letters in "trbl" will set it to top, right, bottom and left respectively.

A grid::unit() object that sets the width and height of the rectangles in the x- and y-directions respectively. Note that scale expansion can affect the look of this.

Line join style (round, mitre, bevel).

If FALSE, the default, missing values are removed with a warning. If TRUE, missing values are silently removed.

logical. Should this layer be included in the legends? NA, the default, includes if any aesthetics are mapped. FALSE never includes, and TRUE always includes. It can also be a named logical vector to finely select the aesthetics to display.

If FALSE, overrides the default aesthetics, rather than combining with them. This is most useful for helper functions that define both data and aesthetics and shouldn't inherit behaviour from the default plot specification, e.g. borders().

Set of aesthetic mappings created by aes(). If specified and inherit.aes = TRUE (the default), it is combined with the default mapping at the top level of the plot. You must supply mapping if there is no plot mapping.

The data to be displayed in this layer. There are three options:

If NULL, the default, the data is inherited from the plot data as specified in the call to ggplot().

A data.frame, or other object, will override the plot data. All objects will be fortified to produce a data frame. See fortify() for which variables will be created.

A function will be called with a single argument, the plot data. The return value must be a data.frame, and will be used as the layer data. A function can be created from a formula (e.g. ~ head(.x, 10)).

The statistical transformation to use on the data for this layer. When using a ⁠geom_*()⁠ function to construct a layer, the stat argument can be used the override the default coupling between geoms and stats. The stat argument accepts the following:

• A Stat ggproto subclass, for example StatCount.

• A string naming the stat. To give the stat as a string, strip the function name of the stat_ prefix. For example, to use stat_count(), give the stat as "count".

• For more information and other ways to specify the stat, see the layer stat documentation.

A position adjustment to use on the data for this layer. Cannot be jointy specified with nudge_x or nudge_y. This can be used in various ways, including to prevent overplotting and improving the display. The position argument accepts the following:

• The result of calling a position function, such as position_jitter().

• A string nameing the position adjustment. To give the position as a string, strip the function name of the position_ prefix. For example, to use position_jitter(), give the position as "jitter".

• For more information and other ways to specify the position, see the layer position documentation.

Other arguments passed on to layer()'s params argument. These arguments broadly fall into one of 4 categories below. Notably, further arguments to the position argument, or aesthetics that are required can not be passed through .... Unknown arguments that are not part of the 4 categories below are ignored.

• Static aesthetics that are not mapped to a scale, but are at a fixed value and apply to the layer as a whole. For example, colour = "red" or linewidth = 3. The geom's documentation has an Aesthetics section that lists the available options. The 'required' aesthetics cannot be passed on to the params. Please note that while passing unmapped aesthetics as vectors is technically possible, the order and required length is not guaranteed to be parallel to the input data.

• When constructing a layer using a ⁠stat_*()⁠ function, the ... argument can be used to pass on parameters to the geom part of the layer. An example of this is stat_density(geom = "area", outline.type = "both"). The geom's documentation lists which parameters it can accept.

• Inversely, when constructing a layer using a ⁠geom_*()⁠ function, the ... argument can be used to pass on parameters to the stat part of the layer. An example of this is geom_area(stat = "density", adjust = 0.5). The stat's documentation lists which parameters it can accept.

• The key_glyph argument of layer() may also be passed on through .... This can be one of the functions described as key glyphs, to change the display of the layer in the legend.

If TRUE, the labels will be parsed into expressions and displayed as described in ?plotmath.

Horizontal and vertical adjustment to nudge labels by. Useful for offsetting text from points, particularly on discrete scales. Cannot be jointly specified with position.

A logical(1). If TRUE (default), the angle of text placed at angles between 90 and 270 degrees is flipped so that it is more comfortable to read. If FALSE, will take calculated angles literally.

If TRUE, text that overlaps previous text in the same layer will not be plotted. check_overlap happens at draw time and in the order of the data. Therefore data should be arranged by the label column before calling geom_text(). Note that this argument is not supported by geom_label().

If FALSE, the default, missing values are removed with a warning. If TRUE, missing values are silently removed.

logical. Should this layer be included in the legends? NA, the default, includes if any aesthetics are mapped. FALSE never includes, and TRUE always includes. It can also be a named logical vector to finely select the aesthetics to display.

If FALSE, overrides the default aesthetics, rather than combining with them. This is most useful for helper functions that define both data and aesthetics and shouldn't inherit behaviour from the default plot specification, e.g. borders().

A character string or expression indicating a title of guide. If NULL, the title is not shown. By default (waiver()), the name of the scale object or the name specified in labs() is used for the title.

A theme object to style the guide individually or differently from the plot's theme settings. The theme argument in the guide overrides, and is combined with, the plot's theme.

A character string indicating where the legend should be placed relative to the plot panels.

A character string indicating the direction of the guide. One of "horizontal" or "vertical."

The desired number of rows and column of legends respectively.

logical. If TRUE the order of legends is reversed.

positive integer less than 99 that specifies the order of this guide among multiple guides. This controls the order in which multiple guides are displayed, not the contents of the guide itself. If 0 (default), the order is determined by a secret algorithm.

A data.frame object.

An expression that is evaluated in the context of the data argument. These can be symbols for column names or plain expressions.

One of the following:

"range"

Causes the ranges of primary and secondary data to overlap completely.

"max"

Causes the maxima of primary and secondary data to coincide.

"fit"

Uses the coefficients of lm(primary ~ secondary) to make the axes fit.

"ccf"

Uses the lag at which maximum cross-correlation occurs to then align the data by truncation. The aligned data is then passed to the "fit" method.

"sortfit"

Sorts the both primary and secondary independently before passing these on to the "fit" method.

A logical(1): whether to remove missing values (TRUE) or propagate missing values (FALSE). Applies to the method = "range" and method = "max" methods.

Arguments passed on to ggplot2::sec_axis

transform

A formula or function of a strictly monotonic transformation

name

The name of the secondary axis

breaks

One of:

• NULL for no breaks

• waiver() for the default breaks computed by the transformation object

• A numeric vector of positions

• A function that takes the limits as input and returns breaks as output

labels

One of:

• NULL for no labels

• waiver() for the default labels computed by the transformation object

• A character vector giving labels (must be same length as breaks)

• A function that takes the breaks as input and returns labels as output

guide

A position guide that will be used to render the axis on the plot. Usually this is guide_axis().

a numeric of length 1 indicating how far a range should be extended in total for calculating overlaps. Setting this argument to a positive number leaves some space between ranges in the same bin.

a numeric of length 1 that determines how much space is added between bins in the y-direction. A positive value grows the bins from bottom to top, while a negative value grows the bins from top to bottom.

A numeric of length two describing relative units with which to multiply the x and y coordinates respectively.

A numeric of length two giving relative units by which to shear the output. The first number is for vertical shearing whereas the second is for horizontal shearing.

A numeric noting an angle in degrees by which to rotate the input clockwise.

A 2 x 2 real matrix: the transformation matrix for linear mapping. Overrides other arguments if provided.

An expression that, when evaluated in the facet's layout data.frame, yields a logical vector. See details.

Other arguments passed to the scale.

A character(1) indicating the type of scale, such that ⁠scale_(x/y)_{type}⁠ spells a scale function. Defaults to "continuous".

listed arguments in scale_colour_gradientn() (e.g. colours = list(c("white", "red"), c("black", "blue"))).

a character vector with names of aesthetic mapping.

A list wherein elements are the results of calls to a scale function with a non-standard aesthetic set as the aesthetic argument.

A character vector of the same length as- and parallel to- scalelist, indicating what standard aesthetic to replace with the non-standard aesthetic. Typically "colour" or "fill".

A numeric vector with the same length as unique values. Alternatively, a function that accepts the limits (unique values) as determined from the data and returns a numeric vector parallel to the input.

Either NULL (default) to accept the range of values as the continuous limits, or a numeric(2) to set custom continuous limits.

For position scales, The position of the axis. left or right for y axes, top or bottom for x axes.

Arguments passed on to ggplot2::discrete_scale

scale_name

The name of the scale that should be used for error messages associated with this scale.

name

The name of the scale. Used as the axis or legend title. If waiver(), the default, the name of the scale is taken from the first mapping used for that aesthetic. If NULL, the legend title will be omitted.

breaks

One of:

• NULL for no breaks

• waiver() for the default breaks (the scale limits)

• A character vector of breaks

• A function that takes the limits as input and returns breaks as output. Also accepts rlang lambda function notation.

labels

One of:

• NULL for no labels

• waiver() for the default labels computed by the transformation object

• A character vector giving labels (must be same length as breaks)

• An expression vector (must be the same length as breaks). See ?plotmath for details.

• A function that takes the breaks as input and returns labels as output. Also accepts rlang lambda function notation.

limits

One of:

• NULL to use the default scale values

• A character vector that defines possible values of the scale and their order

• A function that accepts the existing (automatic) values and returns new ones. Also accepts rlang lambda function notation.

expand

For position scales, a vector of range expansion constants used to add some padding around the data to ensure that they are placed some distance away from the axes. Use the convenience function expansion() to generate the values for the expand argument. The defaults are to expand the scale by 5% on each side for continuous variables, and by 0.6 units on each side for discrete variables.

na.translate

Unlike continuous scales, discrete scales can easily show missing values, and do so by default. If you want to remove missing values from a discrete scale, specify na.translate = FALSE.

na.value

If na.translate = TRUE, what aesthetic value should the missing values be displayed as? Does not apply to position scales where NA is always placed at the far right.

drop

Should unused factor levels be omitted from the scale? The default, TRUE, uses the levels that appear in the data; FALSE includes the levels in the factor. Please note that to display every level in a legend, the layer should use show.legend = TRUE.

guide

A function used to create a guide or its name. See guides() for more information.

call

The call used to construct the scale for reporting messages.

super

The super class to use for the constructed scale

A character(1) separator to use for splitting. May not contain regular expressions.

A logical(1) whether to invert the layering of groups.

Set of aesthetic mappings created by aes(). If specified and inherit.aes = TRUE (the default), it is combined with the default mapping at the top level of the plot. You must supply mapping if there is no plot mapping.

The data to be displayed in this layer. There are three options:

If NULL, the default, the data is inherited from the plot data as specified in the call to ggplot().

A data.frame, or other object, will override the plot data. All objects will be fortified to produce a data frame. See fortify() for which variables will be created.

A function will be called with a single argument, the plot data. The return value must be a data.frame, and will be used as the layer data. A function can be created from a formula (e.g. ~ head(.x, 10)).

Use to override the default connection between geom_ribbon() and stat_difference().

A position adjustment to use on the data for this layer. This can be used in various ways, including to prevent overplotting and improving the display. The position argument accepts the following:

• The result of calling a position function, such as position_jitter(). This method allows for passing extra arguments to the position.

• A string naming the position adjustment. To give the position as a string, strip the function name of the position_ prefix. For example, to use position_jitter(), give the position as "jitter".

• For more information and other ways to specify the position, see the layer position documentation.

Other arguments passed on to layer()'s params argument. These arguments broadly fall into one of 4 categories below. Notably, further arguments to the position argument, or aesthetics that are required can not be passed through .... Unknown arguments that are not part of the 4 categories below are ignored.

• Static aesthetics that are not mapped to a scale, but are at a fixed value and apply to the layer as a whole. For example, colour = "red" or linewidth = 3. The geom's documentation has an Aesthetics section that lists the available options. The 'required' aesthetics cannot be passed on to the params. Please note that while passing unmapped aesthetics as vectors is technically possible, the order and required length is not guaranteed to be parallel to the input data.

• When constructing a layer using a ⁠stat_*()⁠ function, the ... argument can be used to pass on parameters to the geom part of the layer. An example of this is stat_density(geom = "area", outline.type = "both"). The geom's documentation lists which parameters it can accept.

• Inversely, when constructing a layer using a ⁠geom_*()⁠ function, the ... argument can be used to pass on parameters to the stat part of the layer. An example of this is geom_area(stat = "density", adjust = 0.5). The stat's documentation lists which parameters it can accept.

• The key_glyph argument of layer() may also be passed on through .... This can be one of the functions described as key glyphs, to change the display of the layer in the legend.

A character(2) indicating factor levels for the fill aesthetic for the cases where (1) max > min and where (2) max < min.

If FALSE, the default, missing values are removed with a warning. If TRUE, missing values are silently removed.

The orientation of the layer. The default (NA) automatically determines the orientation from the aesthetic mapping. In the rare event that this fails it can be given explicitly by setting orientation to either "x" or "y". See the Orientation section for more detail.

logical. Should this layer be included in the legends? NA, the default, includes if any aesthetics are mapped. FALSE never includes, and TRUE always includes. It can also be a named logical vector to finely select the aesthetics to display.

If FALSE, overrides the default aesthetics, rather than combining with them. This is most useful for helper functions that define both data and aesthetics and shouldn't inherit behaviour from the default plot specification, e.g. borders().

Set of aesthetic mappings created by aes(). If specified and inherit.aes = TRUE (the default), it is combined with the default mapping at the top level of the plot. You must supply mapping if there is no plot mapping.

The data to be displayed in this layer. There are three options:

If NULL, the default, the data is inherited from the plot data as specified in the call to ggplot().

A data.frame, or other object, will override the plot data. All objects will be fortified to produce a data frame. See fortify() for which variables will be created.

A function will be called with a single argument, the plot data. The return value must be a data.frame, and will be used as the layer data. A function can be created from a formula (e.g. ~ head(.x, 10)).

The geometric object to use to display the data for this layer. When using a ⁠stat_*()⁠ function to construct a layer, the geom argument can be used to override the default coupling between stats and geoms. The geom argument accepts the following:

• A Geom ggproto subclass, for example GeomPoint.

• A string naming the geom. To give the geom as a string, strip the function name of the geom_ prefix. For example, to use geom_point(), give the geom as "point".

• For more information and other ways to specify the geom, see the layer geom documentation.

A position adjustment to use on the data for this layer. This can be used in various ways, including to prevent overplotting and improving the display. The position argument accepts the following:

• The result of calling a position function, such as position_jitter(). This method allows for passing extra arguments to the position.

• A string naming the position adjustment. To give the position as a string, strip the function name of the position_ prefix. For example, to use position_jitter(), give the position as "jitter".

• For more information and other ways to specify the position, see the layer position documentation.

Other arguments passed on to layer()'s params argument. These arguments broadly fall into one of 4 categories below. Notably, further arguments to the position argument, or aesthetics that are required can not be passed through .... Unknown arguments that are not part of the 4 categories below are ignored.

• Static aesthetics that are not mapped to a scale, but are at a fixed value and apply to the layer as a whole. For example, colour = "red" or linewidth = 3. The geom's documentation has an Aesthetics section that lists the available options. The 'required' aesthetics cannot be passed on to the params. Please note that while passing unmapped aesthetics as vectors is technically possible, the order and required length is not guaranteed to be parallel to the input data.

• When constructing a layer using a ⁠stat_*()⁠ function, the ... argument can be used to pass on parameters to the geom part of the layer. An example of this is stat_density(geom = "area", outline.type = "both"). The geom's documentation lists which parameters it can accept.

• Inversely, when constructing a layer using a ⁠geom_*()⁠ function, the ... argument can be used to pass on parameters to the stat part of the layer. An example of this is geom_area(stat = "density", adjust = 0.5). The stat's documentation lists which parameters it can accept.

• The key_glyph argument of layer() may also be passed on through .... This can be one of the functions described as key glyphs, to change the display of the layer in the legend.

A function to call on the layer's x and y positions respectively.

A named list containing arguments to the funx, and funy function calls.

A logical of length one; whether the other data should be fitted to the length of x and y (default: TRUE). Useful to set to FALSE when funx or funy calculate summaries of length one that need to be recycled.

logical. Should this layer be included in the legends? NA, the default, includes if any aesthetics are mapped. FALSE never includes, and TRUE always includes. It can also be a named logical vector to finely select the aesthetics to display.

If FALSE, overrides the default aesthetics, rather than combining with them. This is most useful for helper functions that define both data and aesthetics and shouldn't inherit behaviour from the default plot specification, e.g. borders().

Set of aesthetic mappings created by aes(). If specified and inherit.aes = TRUE (the default), it is combined with the default mapping at the top level of the plot. You must supply mapping if there is no plot mapping.

The data to be displayed in this layer. There are three options:

If NULL, the default, the data is inherited from the plot data as specified in the call to ggplot().

A data.frame, or other object, will override the plot data. All objects will be fortified to produce a data frame. See fortify() for which variables will be created.

A function will be called with a single argument, the plot data. The return value must be a data.frame, and will be used as the layer data. A function can be created from a formula (e.g. ~ head(.x, 10)).

Use to override the default connection between geom_rect() and stat_rle().

A position adjustment to use on the data for this layer. This can be used in various ways, including to prevent overplotting and improving the display. The position argument accepts the following:

• The result of calling a position function, such as position_jitter(). This method allows for passing extra arguments to the position.

• A string naming the position adjustment. To give the position as a string, strip the function name of the position_ prefix. For example, to use position_jitter(), give the position as "jitter".

• For more information and other ways to specify the position, see the layer position documentation.

Other arguments passed on to layer()'s params argument. These arguments broadly fall into one of 4 categories below. Notably, further arguments to the position argument, or aesthetics that are required can not be passed through .... Unknown arguments that are not part of the 4 categories below are ignored.

• Static aesthetics that are not mapped to a scale, but are at a fixed value and apply to the layer as a whole. For example, colour = "red" or linewidth = 3. The geom's documentation has an Aesthetics section that lists the available options. The 'required' aesthetics cannot be passed on to the params. Please note that while passing unmapped aesthetics as vectors is technically possible, the order and required length is not guaranteed to be parallel to the input data.

• When constructing a layer using a ⁠stat_*()⁠ function, the ... argument can be used to pass on parameters to the geom part of the layer. An example of this is stat_density(geom = "area", outline.type = "both"). The geom's documentation lists which parameters it can accept.

• Inversely, when constructing a layer using a ⁠geom_*()⁠ function, the ... argument can be used to pass on parameters to the stat part of the layer. An example of this is geom_area(stat = "density", adjust = 0.5). The stat's documentation lists which parameters it can accept.

• The key_glyph argument of layer() may also be passed on through .... This can be one of the functions described as key glyphs, to change the display of the layer in the legend.

A character of length one that effect the computed start and end variables. One of the following:

"none"

Take exact start and end x values.

"center"

Return start and end x values in between an end and the subsequent start.

"start"

Align start values with previous end values.

"end"

Align end values with next start values.

If FALSE, the default, missing values are removed with a warning. If TRUE, missing values are silently removed.

The orientation of the layer. The default (NA) automatically determines the orientation from the aesthetic mapping. In the rare event that this fails it can be given explicitly by setting orientation to either "x" or "y". See the Orientation section for more detail.

logical. Should this layer be included in the legends? NA, the default, includes if any aesthetics are mapped. FALSE never includes, and TRUE always includes. It can also be a named logical vector to finely select the aesthetics to display.

If FALSE, overrides the default aesthetics, rather than combining with them. This is most useful for helper functions that define both data and aesthetics and shouldn't inherit behaviour from the default plot specification, e.g. borders().

Set of aesthetic mappings created by aes(). If specified and inherit.aes = TRUE (the default), it is combined with the default mapping at the top level of the plot. You must supply mapping if there is no plot mapping.

The data to be displayed in this layer. There are three options:

If NULL, the default, the data is inherited from the plot data as specified in the call to ggplot().

A data.frame, or other object, will override the plot data. All objects will be fortified to produce a data frame. See fortify() for which variables will be created.

A function will be called with a single argument, the plot data. The return value must be a data.frame, and will be used as the layer data. A function can be created from a formula (e.g. ~ head(.x, 10)).

Use to override the default geom ("line").

A position adjustment to use on the data for this layer. This can be used in various ways, including to prevent overplotting and improving the display. The position argument accepts the following:

• The result of calling a position function, such as position_jitter(). This method allows for passing extra arguments to the position.

• A string naming the position adjustment. To give the position as a string, strip the function name of the position_ prefix. For example, to use position_jitter(), give the position as "jitter".

• For more information and other ways to specify the position, see the layer position documentation.

Other arguments passed on to layer()'s params argument. These arguments broadly fall into one of 4 categories below. Notably, further arguments to the position argument, or aesthetics that are required can not be passed through .... Unknown arguments that are not part of the 4 categories below are ignored.

• Static aesthetics that are not mapped to a scale, but are at a fixed value and apply to the layer as a whole. For example, colour = "red" or linewidth = 3. The geom's documentation has an Aesthetics section that lists the available options. The 'required' aesthetics cannot be passed on to the params. Please note that while passing unmapped aesthetics as vectors is technically possible, the order and required length is not guaranteed to be parallel to the input data.

• When constructing a layer using a ⁠stat_*()⁠ function, the ... argument can be used to pass on parameters to the geom part of the layer. An example of this is stat_density(geom = "area", outline.type = "both"). The geom's documentation lists which parameters it can accept.

• Inversely, when constructing a layer using a ⁠geom_*()⁠ function, the ... argument can be used to pass on parameters to the stat part of the layer. An example of this is geom_area(stat = "density", adjust = 0.5). The stat's documentation lists which parameters it can accept.

• The key_glyph argument of layer() may also be passed on through .... This can be one of the functions described as key glyphs, to change the display of the layer in the legend.

A bandwidth, which can be one of the following:

• A numeric of length one indicating a measure of kernel width, in data units.

• A rel object of length one constructed for setting a bandwidth relative to the group data range. Can be constructed with the rel() function.

• A character of length one, naming one of the functions documented in bw.nrd().

One of the following:

• A function that takes a vector of distances as first argument, a numeric bandwidth as second argument and returns relative weights.

• A character of length one that can take one of the following values:

  "gaussian" or "norm"

  A kernel that follows a normal distribution with 0 mean and bandwidth as standard deviation.

  "mean" or "unif"

  A kernel that follows a uniform distribution with bandwidth * -0.5 and bandwidth * 0.5 as minimum and maximum. This is similar to a simple, unweighted moving average.

  "cauchy"

  A kernel that follows a Cauchy distribution with 0 as location and bandwidth as scale parameters. The Cauchy distribution has fatter tails than the normal distribution.

An integer of length one: how many points to return per group.

A numeric of length one: how much to expand the range for which the rolling kernel is calculated beyond the most extreme datapoints.

If FALSE, the default, missing values are removed with a warning. If TRUE, missing values are silently removed.

A character of length one, either "x" (default) or "y", setting the axis along which the rolling should occur.

logical. Should this layer be included in the legends? NA, the default, includes if any aesthetics are mapped. FALSE never includes, and TRUE always includes. It can also be a named logical vector to finely select the aesthetics to display.

If FALSE, overrides the default aesthetics, rather than combining with them. This is most useful for helper functions that define both data and aesthetics and shouldn't inherit behaviour from the default plot specification, e.g. borders().

Set of aesthetic mappings created by aes(). If specified and inherit.aes = TRUE (the default), it is combined with the default mapping at the top level of the plot. You must supply mapping if there is no plot mapping.

The data to be displayed in this layer. There are three options:

If NULL, the default, the data is inherited from the plot data as specified in the call to ggplot().

A data.frame, or other object, will override the plot data. All objects will be fortified to produce a data frame. See fortify() for which variables will be created.

A function will be called with a single argument, the plot data. The return value must be a data.frame, and will be used as the layer data. A function can be created from a formula (e.g. ~ head(.x, 10)).

Use to override the default geom for stat_theodensity.

A position adjustment to use on the data for this layer. This can be used in various ways, including to prevent overplotting and improving the display. The position argument accepts the following:

• The result of calling a position function, such as position_jitter(). This method allows for passing extra arguments to the position.

• A string naming the position adjustment. To give the position as a string, strip the function name of the position_ prefix. For example, to use position_jitter(), give the position as "jitter".

• For more information and other ways to specify the position, see the layer position documentation.

Other arguments passed on to layer()'s params argument. These arguments broadly fall into one of 4 categories below. Notably, further arguments to the position argument, or aesthetics that are required can not be passed through .... Unknown arguments that are not part of the 4 categories below are ignored.

• Static aesthetics that are not mapped to a scale, but are at a fixed value and apply to the layer as a whole. For example, colour = "red" or linewidth = 3. The geom's documentation has an Aesthetics section that lists the available options. The 'required' aesthetics cannot be passed on to the params. Please note that while passing unmapped aesthetics as vectors is technically possible, the order and required length is not guaranteed to be parallel to the input data.

• When constructing a layer using a ⁠stat_*()⁠ function, the ... argument can be used to pass on parameters to the geom part of the layer. An example of this is stat_density(geom = "area", outline.type = "both"). The geom's documentation lists which parameters it can accept.

• Inversely, when constructing a layer using a ⁠geom_*()⁠ function, the ... argument can be used to pass on parameters to the stat part of the layer. An example of this is geom_area(stat = "density", adjust = 0.5). The stat's documentation lists which parameters it can accept.

• The key_glyph argument of layer() may also be passed on through .... This can be one of the functions described as key glyphs, to change the display of the layer in the legend.

A character of length 1 naming a distribution without prefix. See details.

An integer of length 1 with the number of equally spaced points at which the density function is evaluated. Ignored if distribution is discrete.

An optional named list giving values of fixed parameters of the named distribution. Parameters with fixed value are not estimated by maximum likelihood procedures.

A named list giving initial values of parameters for the named distribution. This argument may be omitted (default) for some distributions for which reasonable starting values are computed.

If FALSE, the default, missing values are removed with a warning. If TRUE, missing values are silently removed.

logical. Should this layer be included in the legends? NA, the default, includes if any aesthetics are mapped. FALSE never includes, and TRUE always includes. It can also be a named logical vector to finely select the aesthetics to display.

If FALSE, overrides the default aesthetics, rather than combining with them. This is most useful for helper functions that define both data and aesthetics and shouldn't inherit behaviour from the default plot specification, e.g. borders().

A character(1) that controls whether text labels are clipped to the background boxes. Can be either "inherit" (default), "on" or "off".

A character(1) stating that the strip margins in different layers remain "constant" or are "variable".

A logical(1) indicating whether merging of lower-layer variables is allowed when the higher-layer variables are separate. See details.

A list() with element_text() elements. See the details section in strip_themed().

A list() with element_rect() elements. See the details section in strip_themed().

A logical(1) that when TRUE, maps the different elements to different layers of the strip. When FALSE, maps the different elements to individual strips, possibly repeating the elements to match the number of strips through rep_len().

A character vector stating where the strips of faceting variables should be placed. Can be some of the following: "top", "bottom", "left" or "right". The length of the position argument must match the length of variables provided to the facets argument in wrap/manual layouts, or those provided to the rows and cols arguments in the grid layout.

A character(1) that controls whether text labels are clipped to the background boxes. Can be either "inherit" (default), "on" or "off".

A character(1) stating that the strip margins in different layers remain "constant" or are "variable".

A logical(1) indicating whether merging of lower-layer variables is allowed when the higher-layer variables are separate. See the details of strip_nested for more info. Note that currently, strip_split() cannot recognise collisions between strips, so changing to bleed = TRUE can have unexpected results.

A list() with element_text() elements. See the details section in strip_themed().

A list() with element_rect() elements. See the details section in strip_themed().

A logical(1) that when TRUE, maps the different elements to different layers of the strip. When FALSE, maps the different elements to individual strips, possibly repeating the elements to match the number of strips through rep_len().

A character(1) that controls whether text labels are clipped to the background boxes. Can be either "inherit" (default), "on" or "off".

Either c("x", "y") or c("y", "x"), setting the top-to-bottom order of horizontal versus "vertical" labels in facets with a grid layout.

A ⁠<numeric[2]>⁠ setting the horizontal and vertical justification of placing the textbox.

A list() with element_text() elements. See details.

A list() with element_rect() elements. See details.

A logical(1) that when TRUE, maps the different elements to different layers of the strip. When FALSE, maps the different elements to individual strips, possibly repeating the elements to match the number of strips through rep_len().

A character(1) that controls whether text labels are clipped to the background boxes. Can be either "inherit" (default), "on" or "off".

A character(1) stating that the strip margins in different layers remain "constant" or are "variable".

A list() with element_text() elements. See details.

A list() with element_rect() elements. See details.

A logical(1) that when TRUE, maps the different elements to different layers of the strip. When FALSE, maps the different elements to individual strips, possibly repeating the elements to match the number of strips through rep_len().

A character(1) that controls whether text labels are clipped to the background boxes. Can be either "inherit" (default), "on" or "off".

A character(1) stating that the strip margins in different layers remain "constant" or are "variable".

An element_line() used as the parent for the nest_line argument in facet_nested() and facet_nested_wrap(). Inherits directly from the 'line' theme element.

An element_line() used as the line to separate different layers of labels in guide_axis_nested(). Inherits from the 'axis.ticks' theme element.

An element_text() used to differentiate text higher in the hierarchy from the axis labels directly next to the axis line in guide_axis_nested(). Inherits from the 'axis.text.x' and 'axis.text.y' theme elements respectively.

A rel() object used to set the size of minor tick marks relative to the regular tick marks. This is used in the guide_axis_minor() and guide_axis_logticks() functions. Defaults to rel(2/3).

A rel() object used to set the size of the smallest tick marks relative to regular tick marks. This is only used in the guide_axis_logticks() function. Defaults to rel(1/3).

The vectors

A logical of length 1 which when TRUE will remove combinations of factors not occurring in the input data.

A character of length 1 with a string to delimit the new level labels.

A logical of length 1: replace NA values with empty strings?